7758-COVID-19-Patents-Registered-in-3-Years

7,758 COVID-19 Patents Registered in 3 Years

Intellectual Property

The WHO (World Health Organization) revoked the Public Health Emergency of International Concern or PHEIC status for COVID-19 on May 5, 2023. Indonesia will also revoke this emergency status shortly, marked by the loosening of the rules for using masks in public places. COVID-19 has become a human tragedy in the last three years, in which 15 million people died, and vaccines and physical distancing are the leading solutions.   Vaccines that must be produced quickly are the main focus of medical companies in innovating. Technologies and innovations made by researchers and medical companies can be classified in the Intellectual Property category of Patents. Throughout 2020-2022, the WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) received 7,758 applications for patent registration, with 1,298 related to vaccine technology, 4,787 for therapeutic (antibodies/immunity), and the remainder for other innovations associated with COVID-19.     Domination of China & the United States Furthermore, WIPO also describes the countries with the highest patent filings, where China and the United States dominate, both in the Vaccine and Therapeutics categories. For the vaccine category, China filed 573 registrations, the United States 356 registrations, and Germany and the Republic of Korea with 57 and 56 registrations, respectively. As for the Therapeutics category, China & the US-dominated, followed by the Republic of Korea and India with 229 and 195 registrations.     Then, when viewed by the sector that submitted it, WIPO explained that companies submitted half of the vaccine and therapeutic patents related to COVID-19. After that, it was followed by Research Organizations, around 40% for both categories, Independent Inventors for vaccines, around 6%, and therapeutics, around 13%.   Given the sudden and rapid spread of the COVID-19 disaster, it is unsurprising that almost ¼ of these patent applications are registered by the collaboration of several parties at once. Awareness of the importance of collaborating between medical companies, universities, and research organizations is reflected in the WIPO report on patents produced related to COVID-19.   Indonesian Contribution Of the many patent applications related to vaccines, Indonesia has also involved two of its scientists, Carina Citra Dewi Joe and Indra Rudiansyah. In 2020, they joined the Jenner Institute, Oxford University, led by Sarah Gilbert, in developing the AstraZeneca vaccine.   If you need further information about patent registration and protection in Indonesia and abroad, please get in touch with us via [email protected]. Sources: World Intellectual Property Organization Detik.com Liputan6.com  

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TOEI Strategy: Using IP to Increase Global Sales

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The IP (Intellectual Property) business in the entertainment industry is up-and-coming. We can see how the Walt Disney Company became a giant by producing its own animated series and feature films and continuing to buy well-known IPs such as Marvel Heroes, Star Wars, and many more. The valuation of the company founded by Walter Elias Disney 100 years ago has reached USD 171.49 billion and is ranked 63rd company with the largest market capitalization in the world.   Meanwhile, from Japan, Toei Company, Co. Ltd., or simply Toei, is known as a producer of popular films and animations such as Dragon Ball, Saint Seiya, One Piece, Digimon, Sailor Moon, Super Sentai, and Kamen Rider. Classic series such as Gaban (Uchu Keiji Gavan), Voltus (Chodenji Machine Voltes V), and Goggle Five, which were popular in the 80s, were also produced by Toei.   However, unlike Disney, like most other Japanese companies, especially in the entertainment industry, they prioritize the local market and only make the global market a secondary target. According to Nora Mediana, Managing Director of Moxienotion, who has several times been entrusted with distributing Japanese-produced films to Indonesia, this policy applies the principle of embracing enthusiasts and succeeding in the local market before advancing in the global market.   “You have to speak to your local audience, and be relevant to them first before reaching out to a wider audience,” she explained.   This strategy of strengthening IP foundations in the country has to deal with a population growth crisis that is difficult to overcome. The continued reduction in the number of children and adolescents, the main target of this IP business, has reduced the income in the local market.   Even though Toei has produced more than 4,400 feature films and 38,000 TV series, income from licenses for using trademarks and copyrights of their works will decrease unless they make the global market their primary target. Efforts to get out of this crisis were marked by the launch of a long-term vision called “Toei New Wave 2033”, which targets to increase global sales by 170%, or from the composition of the local to the global market, which was 70:30 to 50:50 in 2033.   So what strategy is done by Toei? The first, as has been and is commonly done by IP practitioners in the entertainment industry, is to extend the life of the IP itself, namely by recycling an IP so that it can continue to be known and loved from generation to generation.   One of the IPs that Toei relies on to carry out this mission is Kamen Rider, known in Indonesia as Ksatria Baja Hitam. In Japan, Kamen Rider, which first aired in 1971, has become a popular series that continues to be updated yearly. There are always new Kamen Riders with new transformation tools (called Henshin Belt), new bikes, new enemies, and other new uniqueness that are sold. Not only in the form of a TV series that airs in many countries but also in the form of a wide-screen film adaptation, besides the various toys and merchandise that fans are always hunting for.   The growing development of digital platforms also opens vast opportunities for this series to have more touch points to a broader market. If previously it was only available on TV screens, now it can be watched on cross-country streaming channels. Whether it was published via Toei’s official YouTube channel or the license was taken by a paid streaming platform that can be accessed worldwide. Of course, guarding the legality of granting cross-country licenses is a challenge. Because the protection of Intellectual Property is territorial, a limited license agreement must be paid close attention to so that it does not leak or fall into the hands of pirates.   Two Kamen Rider movies have screening dates in Indonesian cinemas in the last two months. The first is “Kamen Rider Geats × Revice: Movie Battle Royale”, screened on 31 May 2023, then “Shin Kamen Rider”, which will be screened in the last week of June 2023. These two films have regional licenses held by Neofilms Southeast Asia, and Moxienotion, aka PT Mitra Media Layar Lebar, hold the right in Indonesia.   IP Kamen Rider fans also enthusiastically welcomed the screening of these two films, especially since the screening of Shin Kamen Rider in Indonesia will be one of the earlier than neighboring countries. Shin Kamen Rider itself is a 121-minute remake of the first Kamen Rider series (1971) and was directed by Hideaki Anno, the director, and animator who gave birth to the IP Neon Genesis Evangelion, which became a phenomenon in the mid-90s.   Hopefully, this fan support will be converted into satisfactory ticket sales so that a mutually beneficial relationship between producers, distributors and fans can be maintained for other films in the future. Distributors are happy, fans are satisfied, and producers can meet their global sales targets.   In addition to intensifying the sale of its works globally, Toei is also opening itself up to foreign production houses to adapt its IP to suit the tastes of its audience. The latest project currently airing is “Voltes V: Legacy”, an entirely CGI robot series produced by GMA Entertainment for audiences in the Philippines. Voltes V was originally a robot animation series produced by Toei in 1977-1978, which was very popular in the Philippines because the story inspired the people to overthrow the Marcos regime in 1986. Because the popularity of this series is still immense, the fans who used to be children are now established, and current skills are also trying to bring back the Voltes robot with more sophisticated visual technology.   Toei’s support for the production house from the Philippines is a strategy to increase the value of IP through a cycle: “Creation – Export – Reboot – Reimportation.” From the same IP, the value can continue to grow because the license is purchased by outsiders, becoming new works that can be resold to the…

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Patented-Trademark-Registering-Copyright-What-are-the-correct-terms

Patented Trademark? Registering Copyright? What are the correct terms?

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Patents are only one of the Intellectual Property objects recognized by the state as stated in Law Number 13 of 2016 concerning Patents. However, according to the Indonesian Dictionary, Patent has a general definition as “a right granted by the government to someone for an invention for their own use and to protect it from imitation (piracy),” then misperception has spread widely, including to the media and some officials.   So that the terms “patented a trademark” or “patented [fill in the name of any food here]” are what we usually hear in Indonesia.   In fact, according to Patent Law, a Patent is an inventor’s exclusive right to an invention in the field of technology for a certain period of time to implement it himself or to give approval to another party to carry out his invention. So the emphasis should be on innovation in the field of technology. An invention itself is an inventor’s idea that is translated into a specific problem-solving activity in the field of technology, which can be in the form of a product or process or improvement and development of a product or process.   Furthermore, Patents are granted for inventions that are new, contain an inventive step, and are industrially applicable. While Simple Patents are granted for any new invention, development of an existing product or process, and can be applied in industry. Simple Patents are granted for inventions in the form of products that not only differ in technical characteristics, but must have functions/uses that are more practical than previous inventions due to their shape, configuration, construction, or components which include tools, goods, machines, compositions, formulas, compounds or system. Simple Patents are also granted for inventions in the form of new processes or methods.   Therefore, a Trademark which is a sign that distinguishes one good or service from another, as well as food, is not appropriate to be “patented,” because it does not meet the criteria of the Patent itself.   Trademark is an object in itself in Intellectual Property which is regulated in Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications. While food does not contain technological inventions in it. It is almost certain that in the process of making food, nothing will intersect with technological inventions that contain elements of novelty, are unpredictable, and can be applied in industry.   Another reason food is not right to be patented is the element of secrecy in the manufacturing process, which is of course the uniqueness of the food we make. Because if registered as a Patent, the recipe must be published. This means everyone can use the recipe after the expiration of the Patent protection, 10-20 years later. In other words, we have limitations in obtaining exclusivity for innovation from the food we have.   However, that does not mean that food cannot be protected by Intellectual Property. Food can still be protected by Trademarks and or Trade Secrets. The way to protect it is by registering the food Trademark to the DGIP (Directorate General of Intellectual Property), as stipulated in Article 1 of the Trademark Law, using pictures, names, words, letters, numbers, color arrangements, or a combination of these elements. elements that have discriminatory power.   If we already have a registered Trademark, then we have a strong basis to prevent other people from using the same or substantially the same Trademark in circulation for similar goods/services.   Then there are Trade Secrets which are also the right solution for protecting the food recipes that we have. As defined in Article 1 paragraph (1) of the Trade Secret Law, Trade Secrets are information that is not known by the public in the field of technology and/or business, has economic value because it is useful in business activities, and is kept confidential by the owner of the Trade Secret. The scope of protection for Trade Secrets includes production methods, processing methods, sales methods, or other information in the field of technology and/or business that has economic value and is not known by the general public, including food/beverage recipes, formulas, production processes, client lists or marketing plans.   The unique thing is, to get protection for Trade Secrets, we don’t need to register them to DGIP, but by doing a number of activities must be done and must also be avoided in order to avoid losing this protection. You can read more about Trade Secret protection in our previous article: “Protecting Your Food Recipes: A Step-by-Step Guide.“   Meanwhile, Copyright is an Intellectual Property object that has the broadest scope of protection, because it includes science, art and literature, which also includes computer programs. What’s unique is that the exclusive right to a creation arises automatically based on the declarative principle after a creation is declared or manifested in a tangible form. Therefore, Copyright does not need to be registered to get its protection. However, in order for our creation to have stronger legal protection, where we have legal proof of ownership when a dispute occurs, we need to record them in the DGIP database. The recordation process, which is much simpler than the patent and trademark registration process, can provide copyright owners with a sense of security.   By understanding the different types of Intellectual Property objects, we can differentiate their treatment, as a first step towards obtaining proper protection. So that we no longer use the terms “patented trademark”, “patent of a copyright,” or “registering copyright”. If you need further information regarding Patent registration, Trademark registration, Copyright recordation, or further consultation regarding the drafting of Trade Secret agreements in Indonesia and abroad, please do not hesitate to contact us via [email protected].

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亚太区商标法一览：印度尼西亚

亚太区商标法一览：印度尼西亚

Intellectual Property

2016年第20号《商标和地理标志法》（又称《商标法》）是印度尼西亚的主要商标法。此外，印度尼西亚还就具体事项颁布了多项细则，包括： 2019年第28号《关于适用于法律和人权部的非税国家收入的类型和收费标准的政府条例》，规定了印度尼西亚法律和人权部下属知识产权总局（DGIP）各种备案事项的官方收费标准； 2018年第22号《关于根据商标国际注册马德里协定相关议定书办理商标国际注册的政府条例》，规定了在印度尼西亚办理国际注册或者来自印度尼西亚的商标办理国际注册的各方面事项；； 2019年第90号《关于商标上诉委员会的上诉申请、审查与和解程序的政府条例（该委员会于1995年8月29日成立）； 法律和人权部2016年第67号《知识产权总局局长商标注册令条例》，规定了注册要求、商品和服务类别以及已颁发证书和记录的更正等事宜。   商标范围 根据《商标法》第一条的规定，商标是指能够以图形、标志、名称、文字、字母、数字、颜色组合、二维和（或）三维形状、声音、全息图或上述两种要素以上的组合等图形形式表现出来、用以区分个人或法人在商品和（或）服务交易中生产的商品和（或）服务的任何标志。 根据这一定义，法律承认两种类型的商标：传统商标和非传统商标。   申请注册 印度尼西亚《商标法》采用先申请先注册原则，一般来说，任何个人、组织或公司都可以申请商标注册。然而，法律也对恶意注册商标的行为作出了规定。《商标法》第21条规定，申请人恶意提出申请的，应当予以驳回。 在实质审查过程中，如出现与知名商标相似的商标申请，适用本条规定，但在实践中，认定是否属于恶意申请难度很大。 根据《商标法》第77条，恶意商标申请获注册的，可由商事法庭宣告无效，该条规定如下：“商标属恶意申请的，以及（或）违反国家意识形态、法律法规、道德、宗教、风俗和公共秩序的，可以无限期提起无效宣告诉讼。”   提交申请和准备材料 在印度尼西亚提交商标注册申请之前，一定要进行商标查询。查询报告可以确定潜在的危险和障碍，帮助申请人成功完成注册流程。 如果查询报告没有发现任何问题，表明可以继续进行申请程序，申请人要准备好提供以下材料： 申请人姓名或名称 地址 商品和服务清单 拟申请注册的商标图样，可以以文字、标识或非传统标识的形式呈现 必要信息提交完成后，还需由专利律师准备两份供客户签署的文件：委托书和商标所有权声明。 自2019年起，商标注册申请全部转到线上申请。   办理时长 假如未遭到任何异议和临时驳回，那么从提交商标注册申请到获得注册号可能只需要10到13个月。这一时间比过去快得多，过去，即使是简单的注册也耗时两到三年。   异议和无效宣告 商标申请的公告期只有两个月。在公告期内，任何利益相关方都可以提出异议，公告部门将在实质审查阶段对异议予以审查。 公告期满后，不得再提出异议，也不得提出延期申请。 异议成功的关键前提是异议人提出有效的法律原由，即商标已在印度尼西亚提交申请注册或已获注册。否则，审查员很可能以先申请先注册原则为由驳回异议。 商标一旦获注册，第三方只能向商事法庭提起商标无效或商标注销诉讼。   外国著名商标 无论是否为著名商标，只有在印度尼西亚注册的商标才可受到保护。但是，《商标法》有一个机制，可以在一定程度上保护外国著名商标免受其他当事人的恶意注册。 另一方当事人恶意申请注册与外国著名商标相同或相似的商标的，可依《商标法》第21条的规定予以驳回，具体规定如下： “如果商标实质上与其他当事人在类似商品和（或）服务上使用的知名商标相似或相同，或者，在符合一定要求的前提下，与其他当事人在不同商品和（或）服务上使用的知名商标相似或相同，则申请将被驳回。” 于是，接下来的问题便是，什么是知名商标？法律和人权部2016年第67号《知识产权总局局长商标注册令条例》第18条规定了知名商标的认定标准： 该商标作为知名商标在相关业务领域的公众了解或认可程度； 使用该商标的商品和（或）服务的销售量，以及商标所有人使用该商标所获得的收益； 带有该商标的商品和（或）服务在社会流通中所占的市场份额； 该商标的使用地域； 该商标的使用期； 该商标的推广力度，包括为推广商标所投资的金额； 该商标在全球范围的商标申请和注册次数； 商标执法的成功率，尤其是主管部门认可该商标为知名商标的成功率；以及 使用该商标的商品和（或）服务获得的声誉和品质保证赋予商标的价值。 然而，外国著名商标在印度尼西亚并不一定享有同样的知名度。这就产生了一个问题，即商标所有人在对其他人提起诉讼前是否应先在印度尼西尼建立起商标的知名度。   使用要求 由于印度尼西亚采用先申请先注册原则，因此在进行商标注册前无需具有在先使用行为。申请人无需提交使用证据。 如果申请人在其他国家在先提交了另一份申请，申请人可在自优先权日起算的6个月内要求在印度尼西亚享有优先权。 关于不使用注销的规定，依照法律规定，注册商标自注册之日起或自最后一次使用之日起连续三年未使用的，可以向商事法庭申请注销商标。然而，法律并未规定最低使用门槛，因此，不使用注销的实现难度很大。   商标许可 在印度尼西亚，注册商标可以许可给他人使用。许可协议在DGIP备案后方具有法律约束力。 一般来说，许可协议应包含以下内容：许可方和被许可方的详细资料、许可的性质（独家或非独家）、是否可以进行再许可、许可协议条款、各方权利和责任以及被许可的对象或商标。 许可协议不得包含直接或间接损害印度尼西亚经济的条款，亦不得包含阻碍印度尼西亚获得和开发技术的限制性条款。   AFFA Intellectual Property Rights 15/F Graha Pratama Building Jl. MT. Haryono Kav. 15 Jakarta – 12810, Indonesia 电话： +62 21 8379 3812 电子邮件：[email protected] www.affa.co.id

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지역별-상표법-비교：인도네시아

지역별 상표법 비교: 인도네시아

Intellectual Property

인도네시아에서는 상표 및 지리적 표시에 관한 법률인 상표법이 국가의 주요 법률로 적용되고 있다. 이 법률은 상표에 관련된 다양한 문제들을 규제하고 있으며, 구체적인 규정들이 몇 가지 조례를 통해 추가로 제정되고 있다. 이러한 조례들은 다음과 같은 문제들을 다루고 있다. 2019 년 정부 규정 제 28 호: 인도네시아 법무부 산하 지식재산권국(DGIP)에 제출할 수 있는 다양한 소송에 대한 공식 수수료에 대한 규정, 인권부에 적용되는 비과세 국가 수입의 유형 및 관세에 관한 정부 규정 관장 2018년 정부 규정 제 22호: 인도네시아 내에서 출원되거나 인도네시아로부터 출원된 국제 등록의 모든 측면을 다루며 국제 상표 등록에 관한 마드리드 협정과 관련된 프로토콜에 따라 상표의 국제 등록 관장 2019년 정부 규정 제90호, 1995년 8월 29일에 설립된 상표 항소 위원회의 항소 신청, 심사 및 해결 절차 관장 2016 년 법무부 인권 규정 제 67 호: 상표 분야의 지적 재산권 사무 총장의 상표 등록령에 관한 내용. 해당 규정은 무엇보다도 등록 요건, 상품 및 서비스 등급, 발행 된 인증서 및 기록 수정 관장   상표의 범위 상표법 제1조에 따르면, 상표는 상품 및/또는 서비스 거래에서 개인 또는 법인이 생산한 상품 및/또는 서비스를 구별하기 위해 그림, 로고, 이름, 단어, 문자, 숫자, 색상 배열, 2차원 및/또는 3차원 모양, 소리, 홀로그램 또는 이러한 요소 중 둘 이상의 조합의 형태로 그래픽으로 표현할 수 있는 모든 기호이다. 이 정의를 감안할 때 법은 전통적 상표와 비전통적 상표의 두 가지 유형의 상표를 인정한다.   등록 신청 상표법은 최초 출원 원칙을 채택하고 있기 때문에 일반적으로 개인, 조직 또는 회사는 상표 등록을 신청할 수 있다. 그러나 이 법은 악의적으로 제출된 상표 등록도 규제한다. 상표법 제21조는 출원인이 악의로 출원한 경우 거절한다고 규정하고 있다. 실제 심사 중에 이 조항을 이행하는 것은 이미 확립된 저명 상표와 유사한 일부 출원에서 필요하기도 하지만, 실제로는 출원이 악의로 제출되었는지 여부를 판단하는 것은 상당히 어렵다. 등록이 확정된 악의적 출원은 상표법 제 77 조에 따라 상업 법원에서 항상 무효화 될 수 있으며, 이는 “악의가 있거나 관련 상표가 국가 이데올로기, 법률 및 규정, 도덕, 종교, 품위 및 공공 질서를 위반하는 경우 무효 소송은 무제한 제기 가능하다.”라고 규정한다.   서류 제출 인도네시아에서 상표 출원을 하고자 하는 모든 사람에게 상표 검색을 강력히 권장한다. 검색 보고서는 성공적인 등록 절차에 대한 잠재적 위험과 걸림돌을 파악하는 데 도움을 준다. 검색 보고서가 신청 절차를 진행하기 위한 모든 명확성을 제공한다고 가정할 때 신청자는 다음을 제공해야 한다. 신청자 이름 주소 상품 및 서비스 목록 출원할 상표의 표현(목판, 로고 또는 비전통적 상표의 형태일 수 있음) 필요한 정보가 제공되면 변리사는 고객이 서명할 두 가지 문서, 즉 위임장과 상표 소유권 진술서를 준비한다. 2019년부터 전자 신고는 인도네시아에서 유일하게 허용되는 제출 방법이다.   타임라인 신청서에 이의 제기 및 잠정 거부가 없다고 가정하면 제출 후 등록 번호를 얻는 데 10~13개월이 소요될 수 있다. 이 간단한 등록에도 2~3년이 걸리던 예전보다 훨씬 빠르다.   반대와 무효화 신청서는 2개월 동안만 게시된다. 공표 기간 동안 이해관계자는 이의신청을 할 수 있으며, 실제 심사 단계에서 심의를 거친다. 공개 기간이 경과하면 연장 요청을 포함하여 이의를 제기할 수 있는 다른 공식적인 수단이 없다. 이의신청이 성공적으로 진행되려면 이의신청인이 유효한 법적 지위, 즉 인도네시아에서 이전에 상표를 출원하거나 등록한 적이 있는 것이 좋다. 그렇지 않으면 심사관이 최초 제출 원칙을 인용하여 이의신청을 기각할 가능성이 높다. 상업 법원에 제출해야 하는 제3자가 시작한 무효화 및 취소는 해당 상표가 등록된 후에만 가능하다.   유명한 외국 상표 상표는 명성에 관계없이 인도네시아에 등록된 경우에만 보호될 수 있다. 그러나 상표법은 다른 당사자의 악의적인 등록으로부터 유명한 외국 상표를 어느 정도 보호하는 메커니즘을 가지고 있다. 다른 당사자가 유명 외국 상표와 동일하거나 유사한 상표를 악의적으로 출원하려고 시도하는 경우, 그러한 출원은 상표법 제 21 조에 근거하여 거부된다. “상표가 유사한 상품 및/또는 서비스에 대한 다른 당사자의 저명 상표 또는 특정 요구 사항을 준수하는 다른 상품 및/또는 서비스에 대한 다른 당사자의 저명 상표와 실질적으로 유사하거나 동일한 경우 출원이 거부된다.” 그러면 문제는 유명한 상표의 구성 요소로 옮겨 간다. 2016 년 법무부 인권부 규정 제 67 호 제 18 조는 상표 부문에서 지적재산권 사무총장의 상표 등록령에 대한 것으로 상표의 저명성 기준을 제시했다. 저명 상표와 관련된 비즈니스 분야의 상표에 대한 지식 수준 또는 대중의 인지도 상품 및/또는 서비스의 판매량 및 소유자의 상표 사용에서 파생된 혜택 지역 사회에서 상품 및/또는 서비스의 유통과 관련하여 상표에 대한 시장 점유율 상표의 사용 영역 상표의 사용 기간 판촉에 사용된 투자 가치를 포함하는 상표의 판촉 강도 전 세계 상표 출원 및 등록 건수 법 이행률, 특히 공인된 기관에서 상표를 저명 상표로 인정하는 것과 관련된 성공률 상표로 보호되는 상품 및/또는 서비스의 명성과 품질 보증으로 인한 상표의 가치 평가. 그러나 해외에서 유명한 상표가 항상 인도네시아에서 같은 수준의 명성을 갖는 것은 아니다. 이는 상표권자가 다른 당사자에 대해 조치를 취하기 전에 인도네시아에서도 명성을 쌓아야 하는지 여부에 대한 문제를 제기한다.   사용 요구 사항 인도네시아는 최초 제출 원칙을 채택하고 있기 때문에 등록 전에 사전 사용을 주장할 필요가 없다. 사용 증빙 자료는 제출할 필요가 없다. 신청자가 다른 국가에서 더 일찍 다른 신청서를 제출한 경우, 신청자는 우선일로부터 6개월 이내에 인도네시아에서 우선권을 주장할 수 있다. 미사용과 관련하여, 등록상표가 등록일 또는 마지막 사용일로부터 3년 연속으로 사용되지 않은 경우 법률에 따라 상업법원에서 상표를 취소할 수 있다. 그러나 법은 최소 사용 기준을 규정하지 않으므로 일반적으로 미사용 취소는 매우 어렵다.   라이선스 등록된 상표는 인도네시아의 다른 당사자에게 라이선스를 부여할 수 있다. 계약이 구속력 있는 법적 효력을 가지려면 DGIP에 기록되어야 한다. 일반적으로 라이선스 계약에는 라이선스 제공자와 라이선스 사용자의 세부 정보, 라이선스의 성격(독점적 또는 비독점적), 서브 라이선스 부여 여부, 라이선스 계약 조건, 당사자의 권리 및 책임, 라이선스를 부여할 대상 또는 상표가 포함되어야 한다. 라이선스 계약에는 인도네시아 경제에 직간접적으로 피해를 주는 조항이나 인도네시아의 기술 획득 및 개발 능력을 방해하는 제한이 포함되어서는 안 된다.   AFFA Intellectual Property Rights 15/F Graha Pratama Building Jl. MT. Haryono Kav. 15 Jakarta – 12810, Indonesia 전화： +62 21 8379 3812 이메일：[email protected] www.affa.co.id

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アジアの商標法の比較：インドネシア

アジアの商標法の比較：インドネシア

Intellectual Property

インドネシアでは、商標および地理的表示に関するインドネシア共和国法律2016年第20号（通称商標法）が、商標に関する基本法であるが、個別事項を規制する以下を含む規則がいくつか存在する。 法務・人権省で適用される非税国家収入の種類と率に関する政府規則2019年28号（法務・人権省知的財産総局（DGIP）に提起できる各種訴訟の正式な手数料が定められている） マドリッド協定議定書に基づく商標の国際登録に関する政府規則2018年22号（インドネシアにおける、または同国から行う国際登録のあらゆる事項を扱う） 1995年8月29日に設立された商標審判委員会の審理請求、審理および解決の手続きに関する政府規則2019年90号 商標分野の知的財産総局商標登録令に関する法務・人権省規則2016年67号（登録の条件、物品とサービスの分類、登録された商標証と記録の補正について定める）   商標の範囲 商標法の第1条によると、商標とは、個人または法人によって生産された商品/サービスを取引において識別させるためのマークで、グラフィックイメージ、ロゴタイプ、名称、単語、文字、数字、色の組合せといった平面や立体、音声、ホログラム、またはそれらの要素が二つ以上組合さった形で表示されるものである。 この定義に基づき、同法は伝統的商標と非伝統的商標という2種類の商標を認めている。   登録出願 商標法は基本的に先願主義を採用しているため、いかなる個人、団体または法人も商標登録の出願を行うことができる。だが同法は、悪意をもって提出された商標出願を規制しており、商標法第21条は、出願人が悪意をもって提出した商標出願は拒絶されると規定している。 すでに定着した周知商標と類似した出願に対しては、実体審査でこの条項を適用できるが、現実的には出願に悪意があるかどうかの判断は極めて困難である。 悪意ある出願がのちに登録された場合も、商標法第77条に基づき商事裁判所がいつでも登録を取り消すことができる。同条は「悪意ある要素が感じられる商標、国家のイデオロギー、法律の規定、モラル、宗教、公序良俗に反する商標についての取消訴訟の提訴期間は無期限である」と定めている。   出願書 インドネシアで商標登録を出願する場合、商標検索を強くお勧めする。検索レポートにより、円滑な登録手続きを阻む潜在的なリスクや障害を明らかにできる。 検索レポートで出願手続きを阻む障害がないと判明した場合、出願人は次の情報を提出しなければならない。 出願人の氏名 住所 商品とサービスのリスト 出願する商標の見本（文字標章、ロゴ、非伝統的商標の形をとることができる） 必要な情報が提出されたら、特許弁護士が委任状と所有宣言書を作成し、出願人がこれに署名する。 2019年以降、インドネシアでは電子出願のみが出願方法として認められている。   期間 出願に対し異議申し立てが提起されず暫定的拒絶もされない場合、出願後10～13カ月で登録番号を取得できる。以前と比べ大幅に迅速化されており、過去には単純な登録でさえ2～3年かかっていた。   異議申し立てと取消 登録出願は2カ月間のみ公告される。この公告期間中に、あらゆる利害関係者が異議を申し立てることができ、申立ては実体審査の中で検討される。 公告期間満了後、延長の要求を含め異議申し立ての手段は他に存在しない。. 異議申立の手続きを首尾よく進めるためには、申立人が正当な法的地位を有すること、すなわち過去にインドネシア国内で商標出願または登録を行っていることが望ましい。そうでない場合、審査官が先願主義に基づき申立を却下する可能性が高い。 第三者が商標登録の取消または抹消を求める場合、商事裁判所に提訴する必要があり、対象となる商標がいったん登録されて初めて、取消または抹消を求めることができる。   外国の周知商標 有名かどうかに関わらず、インドネシアで登録された商標に限って保護を受けることができる。だが商標法は、外国の周知商標を第三者による悪意ある登録から一定程度保護する仕組みを設けている。. 第三者が、外国の周知商標と同一または類似した商標を悪意をもって登録出願しようとした場合、商標法第21条に基づき拒絶される。同条は、次のように定めている。 「同類の商品/サービスに関して、他者の所有する周知商標、または 特定の条件を満たす、同じ種類ではない商品/サービスに関して他者の所有する周知商標と実質的に類似する場合、出願は拒絶される」 次に、何が周知商標に当たるかという問題に目を向ける。商標分野の知的財産総局商標登録令に関する法務・人権省規則2016年67号の第18条は、周知商標の基準を以下のように定めている。 周知商標としての、当該の事業分野におけるその商標に対する市民の知識あるいは認識 所有者がその商標を用いることによって得る物品および/またいはサービスの売上と利益の量 社会における物品および/またはサービスの流通に関連して、その商標が占める市場シェア 商標の使用地域 商標の使用期間 宣伝に使用された投資額を含む、商標の宣伝規模 他国での商標登録および商標出願の件数 特に、権限を持つ機関によるその商標の周知商標としての認識に関する、法令遵守の達成度合 その商標により保護された物品および/またはサービスの評判および品質保証により得られる、商標に付随する価値 とはいえ、外国で有名な商標がインドネシアでも同程度に有名とは限らない。これが、商標の保有者は第三者を提訴するに先立ち、インドネシアにおける周知性を立証する必要があるかという課題を生みだしている。   使用の要件 インドネシアは先願主義を採用しているため、登録前に先使用権を主張する必要はなく、使用の証拠を提出する必要もない。 出願人が他の国で先に出願している場合、最初の出願日から起算して6カ月間はインドネシアで優先権を主張できる。 不使用に関しては、法律に基づき、登録商標が登録日または最新の使用日から起算して継続して3年間使用されていない場合、商事裁判所はその商標を抹消することができる。だが最低限の使用期間に関しては、法に定めがないため、不使用を事由とする登録抹消は基本的に非常に困難である。   ライセンス供与 インドネシアでは、登録された商標のライセンスを他者に供与することができる。ライセンス契約が法的拘束力を持つためには、知的財産総局に登録する義務がある。 ライセンス契約には基本的に、実施許諾者と実施権者の詳細、ライセンス契約の性格（独占的か非独占的か）、サブライセンスの可否、契約期間、両当事者の権利と責任、ライセンス供与の対象物または商標を記載しなければならない。 ライセンス契約は、インドネシア経済に直接または間接に損害を与える規定、またはインドネシアによる技術を習得し開発する能力を妨げる制限を含んではならない。   AFFA Intellectual Property Rights 15/F Graha Pratama Building Jl. MT. Haryono Kav. 15 Jakarta – 12810, Indonesia 電話： +62 21 8379 3812 Eメール：[email protected] www.affa.co.id

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A Comparison of Trademark Law: Indonesia

Intellectual Property

In Indonesia, Law No. 20, 2016, on Marks and Geographical Indications, known as the Trademark Law, is the country’s primary law concerning trademarks. However, there are several bylaws that regulate more specific matters, including: Government Regulation No. 28, 2019, concerning Types and Tariffs of Non-Tax State Revenues Applicable to the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, which sets the official fees for various actions that can be filed before the Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DGIP) under the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of Indonesia; Government Regulation No. 22, 2018, pertaining to the International Registration of Marks Under the Protocols Relevant to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks, which covers all aspects of international registration filed in or from Indonesia; Government Regulation No. 90, 2019, concerning the Trademark Appeal Commission, established on 29 August 1995, concerning Procedures for Application, Examination and Settlement of Appeals at the Mark Appeal Commission; and The Ministry of Law and Human Rights Regulation No. 67, 2016, concerning the Trademark Registration Decree of the Director General of Intellectual Property in the Field of Trademarks. The ministerial regulation prescribes, among other things, the requirements of registration, classes of goods and services, and the rectification of issued certificates and recordals.   Scope of Trademarks According to article 1 of the Trademark Law, a mark is any sign capable of being represented graphically in the form of drawings, logos, names, words, letters, numerals, colour arrangements, in two and/or three-dimensional shapes, sounds, holograms, or a combination of two or more of these elements to distinguish goods and/or services produced by a person or legal entity in trading goods and/or services. Given this definition, the law acknowledges two types of trademarks: traditional and non-traditional marks.   Applying for Registration Since the Trademark Law adopts the first-to-file principle, in general, any individual, organisation or company can file for trademark registration. However, the law also regulates trademark registrations that are filed in bad faith. Article 21 of the Trademark Law stipulates that an application is refused if it is submitted by an applicant in bad faith. While the implementation of this article during substantive examination holds true for some applications that have similarities with the already established and well-known marks, in practice, it is quite challenging to determine whether an application is filed in bad faith or not. A bad-faith application that later matured to registration can always be invalidated at the Court of Commerce, as regulated under article 77 of the Trademark Law, which stipulates the following: “The lawsuit for invalidation may be filed in unlimited time if there is bad faith and/or the relevant mark contravenes the state ideology, laws and regulations, morality, religions, decency and public order.”   Filing and Documentation A trademark search is strongly suggested for anyone who wishes to file a trademark application in Indonesia. The search report will identify potential hazards and stumbling blocks to an otherwise successful registration process. Assuming the search report gives an all-clear sign to further the application process, the applicant will then need to supply the following: Name of applicant Address List of goods and services Representation of the mark to be filed, which can be in the form of wordmark, logo, or non-traditional marks Once the necessary information has been provided, the patent lawyer will prepare two documents to be signed by the client: a power of attorney, and a statement of mark ownership. Since 2019, e-filing is the only acceptable method of filing in Indonesia.   Timeline Assuming the application does not receive any opposition and provisional refusal, then it may only take 10-13 months from filing to obtaining a registration number. This estimate is significantly faster than it used to be, when even a straightforward registration would take two to three years.   Opposition and Invalidation Applications are published for two months only. During the publication period, any interested party may file for opposition, and they will be considered during the substantive examination stage. Once the publication period has lapsed, there are no other formal means of filing for opposition, including extension requests. To have a successful opposition proceeding, it is strongly recommended that the opposer has valid legal standing, namely, an earlier trademark application or registration in Indonesia. Otherwise, it is likely that the examiner will reject the opposition by citing the first-to-file principle. Invalidations and cancellations initiated by any third party, which have to be filed at the court of commerce, are only feasible once the trademarks to be invalidated or canceled have been registered.   Famous Foreign Trademarks A trademark can only be protected if it is registered in Indonesia, regardless of its fame. However, the Trademark Law has a mechanism to somewhat protect a famous foreign trademark from bad-faith registrations by other parties. Should another party try to maliciously file an application for a trademark that is identical or similar to a famous foreign trademark, such application will be rejected on the basis of Article 21 of the Trademark Law, which stipulates the following: “An application is refused if the mark is substantively similar to or identical with a well-known mark of other parties for similar goods and/or services, or a well-known mark of other parties for different goods and/or services complying with certain requirements.” The issue is then shifted to what constitutes as a famous trademark. Article 18 of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights Regulation No. 67, 2016, concerning the Trademark Registration Decree of the Director General of Intellectual Property in the Field of Trademark, has set out the criteria of what makes a trademark famous: Level of knowledge or public recognition of the mark in the business field concerned as a well-known mark; Volume of sales of goods and/or services and benefits derived from using the mark by the owner; Market share controlled by the mark in relation to the circulation of goods and/or services in the community; Area of use of the mark; Period of use of the mark; Intensity of promotion of the…

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TETRIS: The License Dispute That Rocked the Soviet Union

Intellectual Property

The Tetris movie hits Apple TV Plus on March 31st and since then has given a fascinating look at the legal battle over the rights to one of the most popular video games of all time. The film follows the story of Henk Rogers, a Dutch-Indonesian video game designer who helped to bring Tetris to the West. Rogers faced many challenges in securing the rights to the game, including a complex web of Intellectual Property ownership in the Soviet Union. The film provides a valuable glimpse into the challenges of protecting intellectual property rights in a globalized marketplace. For Intellectual Property practitioners, the Tetris movie offers some insights. First, the film shows the importance of securing all necessary rights to a product or service before bringing it to market. Rogers was able to secure the rights to Tetris in Japan, but he faced challenges in securing the rights in other countries. This is a common problem for businesses that operate in multiple jurisdictions. Second, the film shows the importance of understanding the different types of Intellectual Property protection available. Rogers had to navigate a complex web of Copyright, Trademark, and Patent law to secure the rights to Tetris. Intellectual Property practitioners must be familiar with all the different types of Intellectual Property protection to advise their clients effectively. Third, the film shows the importance of enforcing Intellectual Property rights. Rogers was able to secure the rights to Tetris, but he faced challenges in enforcing those rights against infringers. Intellectual Property practitioners need to be prepared to take legal action to protect their client’s rights. In addition to the insights mentioned above, the Tetris movie also shows the importance of working with local lawyers in foreign jurisdictions, the importance of being aware of the different cultural norms that may affect intellectual property protection, and the importance of being prepared to compromise to resolve. Overall, the Tetris movie is a valuable resource for Intellectual Property practitioners. The film provides several insights that can help practitioners to protect their clients’ Intellectual Property rights better.   If you need more information about how to protect your IP(s) in Indonesia and other countries, please do not hesitate to contact us at [email protected].

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Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency Targets 800 New Patents in 2023

Intellectual Property

The National Research and Innovation Agency (Indonesian: Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, BRIN) is a Non-Ministry Government Institution (Indonesian: Lembaga Pemerintah Non-Kementerian, LPNK) which is under and responsible to the President of Indonesia through the minister in charge of government affairs in the field of research and technology. President Joko Widodo first formed this institution through Presidential Regulation Number 74 of 2019 which is attached to the Ministry of Research and Technology (Indonesian: Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi, Kemenristek) so that the Minister of Research and Technology also acts as the Head of BRIN. In the second period of President Joko Widodo’s administration in 2021, the Ministry of Research and Technology was merged into the Ministry of Education and Culture. Still, the Head of BRIN was held by someone other than the Minister of Education. For this reason, the President appointed the Head of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (Indonesian: Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, LIPI), Dr. Laksana Tri Handoko, who also has several patents in physics. Since then, LIPI together with 3 (three) other LPNKs, namely the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (Indonesian: Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi, BPPT), the National Nuclear Energy Agency (Indonesian: Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional, BATAN), and the National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (Indonesian: Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional, LAPAN) were merged into BRIN. With this fusion, BRIN has 12 Research Organizations (RO) based on scientific fields, namely: Nuclear Energy Research Organization Earth and Maritime Research Organization Social Sciences and Humanities Research Organization Aviation and Space Research Organization Archaeological, Language, and Literary Research Organization Governance, Economics, and Public Welfare Research Organization Agriculture and Food Research Organization Biological and Environmental Research Organization Health Research Organization Energy and Manufacturing Research Organization Electronics and Informatics Research Organization Nanotechnology and Materials Research Organization   With this many ROs, BRIN targets that in accumulation, all of the ROs above will result in 800 patent applications in 2023. However, according to Deputy for Research and Innovation Facilities at BRIN Agus Haryono, until the second quarter of 2023, only 16 patents have been filed. Of course, it can be said that it is still very far from the target. However, if you look at BRIN’s previous performance, there are already more than 2,500 Intellectual Property managed, most of which came from 2,371 Patents, 352 Copyrights, 122 Industrial Designs, 46 Trademarks, and 17 Plant Variety Protection (PVP).   Sources: Bisnis.com BRIN

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Super Mario Bros, Huge Success of a Video Game IP on the Big Screen

Intellectual Property

The Super Mario Bros. Movie is a 2023 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Illumination Entertainment and distributed by Universal Pictures. Based on a video game franchise of the same name that was first released in 1985. The film was directed by Aaron Horvath and Michael Jelenic, and stars Chris Pratt as Mario, Charlie Day as Luigi, Anya Taylor-Joy as Princess Peach, and Jack Black as Bowser. In the film, Mario and his brother Luigi team up to rescue Princess Peach from Bowser. The film was released in the United States on April 7, 2023. It received mixed reviews from critics, but was a true box office success, grossing over $1.21 billion worldwide while the budget was only $100 million. The film became the highest-grossing film of 2023, the highest-grossing film based on a video game, and the highest-grossing animated film of 2023. With those records, this movie has beaten ‘John Wick: Chapter 4,’ ‘Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania,’ ‘Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3,’ and all ‘Toy Story’ movies that are owned by Disney-Pixar. Since its first release, the Super Mario Bros franchise designed by Shigeru Miyamoto and Takashi Tezuka has become a cultural icon and a household name around the world. The Italian plumber Mario and Luigi have entertained gamers for over three decades, appearing in more than 200 games and generating billions of dollars in revenue, with more than 58 million copies sold worldwide. The decision to bring Super Mario Bros to the big screen once again is a smart move for Nintendo, the company behind the franchise. In recent years, the company has made a concerted effort to expand the reach of its IP beyond video games, with successful ventures into mobile games, merchandise, and theme parks. The upcoming park would be in Singapore and it is scheduled to open in 2025. With the popularity of the franchise showing no signs of waning, it seems that Mario and his friends will continue to be a beloved part of popular culture for years to come. In conclusion, having an established IP can provide a promising future for any individual or company in the entertainment industry. It offers a recognized brand and loyal fanbase that can increase revenue through various streams of merchandise, licensing, and media adaptations. With the rise of new technologies and platforms, the potential for growth and success is only expanding. However, do not forget to protect and manage the IP to maintain its value and integrity. With proper management and strategic planning, an established IP can continue to thrive and bring joy to audiences for years to come.   If you need more information about how to protect your IP(s) in Indonesia and other countries, please do not hesitate to contact us at [email protected]. Source: Boxofficemojo.com    

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