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3 Crucial Roles of Trademarks in the Property Business

Intellectual Property

3 Crucial Roles of Trademarks in the Property Business After being hit by the COVID-19 pandemic, property growth in Indonesia has shown promising developments in recent years. Property development projects resume after investors return, thanks to lower bank interest rates and regulations more conducive to foreign property investment in Indonesia, especially for those seeking long-term profits.   As one of Indonesia’s popular tourist destinations, Bali could be the most exciting example. Data from the Central Bank of the Republic of Indonesia shows that house prices in Bali only increased by 1% in the second quarter of 2023 compared to the previous quarter. In terms of market growth, it is estimated to continue to grow in 2024, thanks to the support of tourism, infrastructure investment, and increasing foreign demand. Bali continues to attract the interest of foreign investors looking for a place to live or invest in the promising property market.   The properties in question are premium housing, hotels, resorts, and villas. Luxury properties such as villas in elite areas in Bali are sought after not only by local investors but also by foreign investors from Japan, South Korea, and Australia.   With the growth rate predicted to be increasingly rapid, it is unsurprising that new property names will emerge from this industry, whether independent/boutique or under the auspices of large groups, which are similar but different. How do we ensure that the property named “AAA” in Ubud has the same quality as the properties named “AAA” in Kuta? Could they only have the same name, but the quality is very different? Do practices like this disadvantage property entrepreneurs?   These problems can be avoided if you register your property name and/or logo as a Trademark. There are at least three main benefits that you can get from a registered property Trademark, and those three benefits are:   1. Building Image Through Trademark This is where we must start to be aware of the importance of registered Trademarks. Your property Trademark must be registered as a first step in building an image. A Trademark registered with the Directorate General of Intellectual Property of the Republic of Indonesia in Class 36 will protect the property business name and logo as Intellectual Property that you own. Thus, you are the exclusive owner of the name and logo. Only you have the right to use it, and building your image can begin. Furthermore, you can assure customers that the quality of service at every “AAA” property name you own will always be maintained. In other words, consumers can identify comfort, safety, or excellent quality with your property Trademark.   2. Registered Trademark Prevents Piracy Registration of a Trademark on the property can also prevent the criminalization of a brand used by other parties. Imagine the luxurious and comfortable image you have built suddenly damaged due to the appearance of the same property name created by someone you don’t know. A lousy property review may affect the image of your property. The property has nothing to do with you. If your property Trademark is already registered, you can take all necessary legal steps to stop the use of your Trademark by other parties. Since Trademark registration in Indonesia applies the first-to-file principle, meaning that the rights are given to the first registrant, you must register your Trademark as soon as possible before being preceded by another party. On the other hand, if you have yet to register a Trademark on your property while another party has appeared as the legal owner of the name you used, you could lose the right to use the name on the property you have built so far. Another party can ask you to pay a hefty amount due to your negligence in registering the  Trademark on your property.   3. Trademark Increases Property Value With a registered Trademark and a maintained image, your business expansion can continue to increase due to investment from within and outside the country. As an intangible asset, a Trademark becomes an added selling point for you in providing licenses to parties interested in building new properties using the name of the property you own. If your property business already has a registered Trademark, business expansion can be done as a franchise. You can read in our previous article how licensing and franchise businesses can increase the benefits of your brand.   Considering the importance of Trademark registration in the property business, you don’t need to think long about registering the property Trademark that has been the focus of your business for so long. If you have any more questions about property Trademark registration, please don’t hesitate to contact us via [email protected]. Source: Miraland.id Detik.com Directorate General of Intellectual Property

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Tips for Registering 3D Objects as Trademarks in Indonesia

Intellectual Property1 Comment

Tips for Registering 3D Objects as Trademarks in Indonesia In the public mind, the meaning of a Trademark is often limited to just a name, word, or logo. As we explained in the previous article, a Trademark can also be a sound. Along with the times and increasing human creativity, Trademarks as differentiators of goods and/or services can also be registered in 3-dimensional (3D) form. If they have differentiating power, logos in 3D form, unique product shapes or packaging, and even shop layouts can be registered as Trademarks in Indonesia.   Legal Basis For 3D Marks In Indonesia Indonesia recognizes the existence of 3-Dimensional Marks through the elaboration of the definition of Trademark as stated in Article 1 Number 1 of Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Marks and Geographical Indications (the Trademark Law), as follows:   A Trademark is a sign that can be displayed graphically in the form of an image, logo, name, word, letter, number, or color arrangement in 2 (two) dimensions and/or 3 (three) dimensions, sound, hologram, or a combination of 2 (two) or more of these elements to differentiate goods and/or services produced by individuals or legal entities in goods and/or services trading activities.   For a 3D Mark to be registered, Article 4 of the Trademark Law and Article 3 of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights Regulation No.67/2016 require the attachment of a Trademark label in the form of the characteristics of the Mark in the form of visuals and a description of the protection claim.   Types of 3D Marks A 3D Mark is a sign that has elements of length, width, and height or has volume, as in the following scope:   Product What is meant by Product here is not only the shape of the product itself, which is unique, such as Zippo lighters but the Sari Roti mobile cart is also registered as a 3D Mark.   Packaging This category is the most frequently registered 3D Mark. The most famous examples are Coca-Cola glass bottles, Toblerone chocolate, and Yakult bottles.     Character/ Mascot Currently, the presence of mascots cannot be separated from the presence of theme parks or various significant events such as the Olympics. Each event has unique characters that become symbols and represent the spirit of all contingents and the host country. Registered Mascots can then be licensed and presented in various performances and product derivatives, thus becoming a source of income for the Trademark holders.     Position Famous examples of this Position Mark are the Red label on the pocket of Levi’s jeans, the yellow thread stitching on the sole of Dr. Martens, and the Red soles on Louboutin shoes.     Layout Perhaps you still don’t know that your restaurant layout can be registered as a Trademark. With a certain uniqueness, visitors can immediately feel the difference when entering your shop just from the layout alone. Examples of layouts registered as Trademarks are the Apple Store and Kiko, a cosmetics store from Italy.   So, how do you register them as Trademarks? Here are the tips: Unique A Trademark can be registered if it has overall distinctive power, as long as these elements can be identified as product identity. So, you must ensure that the 3D shape you are registering has characteristics that distinguish it from similar products. Distinctive If your product is not distinctive enough but contains a distinctive element, it is sufficient to make it function as a whole product identity. However, it would be best if you made sure that your additional characteristics can change the impression of the overall shape, for example, in the 3-Dimensional Mark in the Position category.   Furthermore, the examination will be based on the graphical representation submitted, not the actual size. So, the image provided must display these different elements. Proportions are significant, but there are no special requirements regarding this.   How is it different from Industrial Design? The uniqueness of 3D Marks, especially for product packaging, can potentially clash with other Intellectual Property (IP) regimes, such as Industrial Designs and Patents. Therefore, you’ll need to study it before submitting the application to get maximum benefit from the protection and anticipate legal consequences that may happen in the future.   What differentiates 3D Marks from Industrial Designs is that the protection period can be extended for Trademarks, whereas Industrial Designs are only ten years and cannot be extended. Apart from that, in Industrial Design, aesthetic value and novelty are the main factors. Uniquely, one product can have two IP protections simultaneously, as a Trademark and an Industrial Design. This is possible if the product meets the terms and conditions of the Trademark and Industrial Design Law.   3D Marks can also intersect with Patents if they have technical aspects or contain functional forms. However, if an item is protected as a patent, it cannot receive protection as a trademark. This rule is based on Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No.2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation Article 20 letter (g) in number (1) in Article 108 of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation.   In the end, we hope you can determine whether the product you own is more appropriately registered as a 3D Mark, Industrial Design, or Patent. However, if you still have questions or need further information regarding 3D Marks, please get in touch with us via [email protected]. Source: Directorate General on Intellectual Property (DGIP)

关于在印度尼西亚将声音和音乐注册为商标的提示-affa-global

关于在印度尼西亚将声音和音乐注册为商标的提示

Intellectual Property

关于在印度尼西亚将声音和音乐注册为商标的提示 随着全权贸易和技术进步快速发展，商标保护的需求也在不断增加。自2008年以来，世界知识产权组织（WIPO）成员国已经承认“新型标志”的存在，这导致商标分为两种类型，即可见商标和不可见商标。   可见商标包括三维标志、颜色标志、全息图、标语、电影和书籍标题、运动或多媒体标志、位置标志和手势标志。 同时，不可见商标可通过眼睛以外的感官感知。例如，耳朵听到的声音标志，鼻子闻到的嗅觉标志，舌头尝到的味觉标志，皮肤感觉到的质地或感觉标志。   声音标志在印度尼西亚的法律依据 印度尼西亚通过阐述关于商标和地理标志的2016年第20号法律（《商标法》）第1条第1款所述的商标定义，承认了非传统商标的存在，具体如下：   商标是一种标识，可用图像、徽标、名称、单词、字母、数字或2（二）维和/或3（三）维的颜色排列、声音、全息图或2（二）个或以上这些元素的组合进行图形展示，以区分个人或法律实体在商品和/或服务贸易活动中生产的商品和/或提供的服务。   对于要注册的声音标志，《商标法》第4条和法律和人权部第67/2016号条例第3条要求附上显示标志特征的附件；对于声音标志，需要附上符号和录音。但是，如果声音标志不能以符号形式显示，则附件应是声谱图。   声音标志的类型： 1. 唱出/说出的语言元素 例如，“Auo-uo”这个声音就是人猿泰山喊出来的。   2. 音乐元素 例如，每次打开装有Windows操作系统的PC/笔记本电脑时出现的音乐。   3. 逼真的声音 例如，影片开始前，在米高梅标志出现时，狮子咆哮的声音。   4. 其他声音 例如，刚刚启动的哈雷戴维森摩托车发动机发出的轰鸣声。   那么，如何将它们注册为商标呢？ 提示如下： 1. 附上您的图形表示 以视觉方式显示的符号和声谱图可区分不同的声音标志。 声音标志的符号示例 声音标志的声谱图示例 2. 附上带清晰说明的符号 不含语言元素的声音标志符号 说明： “该声音标志由C调的五音旋律组成。该旋律由八分之一C音、八分之一E音、八分之一D音、十六分之一B音、十六分之一C音和一个半C音组成。”   含语言元素的声音标志符号 说明： ”该声音标志由单词“HISAMITSU”和四个音符 （E、A、E和F）的声音组成。前三个音符是八分音符，后一个音符是八分半音符”   3. 对于唱出/说出的标志，语言元素对检验有较大影响 语言元素是指说出的声音，类似上述HISAMITSU标志的示例。 如果说出的单词有很大差别，声音就具有很强的区分能力。假设两个不同的语言元素（HISAMITSU和WECANSEEYOU）以相同方式标注。在这种情况下，HI-SA-MIT-SU的发声就像是WE-CAN-SEE-YOU；因此不是不同的声音标志。 如果语言元素相同，但伴有非语言元素（例如不同的音乐声），区分值将仍然存在，但要弱于语言元素完全不同时的情况。   4. 对于含音乐元素的声音标志，不同的旋律对检验有较大影响 如果申请注册的声音标志只包含音乐元素，将不同的旋律作为区分值。 与仅在其他乐器、节奏和旋律方面存在差异相比，越多样化越好。   5. 对于逼真的声音，可通过不同的类型、节奏和旋律来检验区分力度。 如果声音标志是逼真的声音，例如米高梅的狮子咆哮声，为了区分，另一只狮子的咆哮声必须具有不同的节奏和旋律和声级。 例如，狮子的嗓音（例如，尖叫或哭泣的节奏较慢）也具有区分力度。   您希望注册哪种声音标志来支持您的企业，让它在市场上更加引人注目、更有区分力呢？请确保您满足以上所有标准。 如果您对印度尼西亚或国外的语音标志有任何疑问或需要其他信息，包括查询要注册的标志是否已被其他方注册，请随时通过[email protected]联系我们。 来源： 印度尼西亚知识产权局

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Tips for Registering Sound and Music as a Trademark in Indonesia

Intellectual Property1 Comment

Tips for Registering Sound and Music as a Trademark in Indonesia In line with the development of the need for Trademark protection following the increasingly rapid dynamics of the world of trade and technological advances, since 2008, member countries of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) have recognized the existence of ‘New Types of Marks,’ which has resulted in the division Trademarks are divided into two types, namely Visible and Non-Visible Trademarks.   Visible Trademarks include 3-dimensional Marks, Color Marks, Holograms, Slogans, Film and Book Titles, Motion or Multimedia Signs, Position Marks, and Gesture Marks. Meanwhile, Non-Visible Trademarks can be perceived through senses other than the eyes. For example, Sound Marks that the ear can recognize, Olfactory Marks that the nose can smell, Taste Marks that the tongue can taste, and Texture or Feel Marks that the skin can feel.   Legal Basis for Sound Marks in Indonesia Indonesia recognizes the existence of Non-Traditional Marks through the elaboration of the definition of Trademarks as stated in Article 1 Number 1 of Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Marks and Geographical Indications (Trademark Law), as follows:   A Trademark is a sign that can be displayed graphically in the form of an image, logo, name, word, letter, number, or color arrangement in 2 (two) dimensions and/or 3 (three) dimensions, sound, hologram, or a combination of 2 (two) or more of these elements to differentiate goods and/or services produced by individuals or legal entities in goods and/or services trading activities.   For a Sound Mark to be registered, Article 4 Trademark Law and Article 3 of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights Regulation No. 67/2016 require an attachment that shows the characteristics of the Mark, and for Sound Marks, what needs to be attached is a notation and sound recording. However, if the Sound Mark cannot be displayed in the notational form, the attachment should be a sonogram.   Types of Sound Marks: 1. Sung/ Spoken Verbal Elements  For example, the sound “Auo-uo” was shouted by Tarzan.   2. Musical Elements For example, the music that appears every time we turn on the PC/Laptop with the Windows operating system.   3. True-to-life Sounds  For example, the sound of a lion roaring at the same time as the Metro Goldwyn Mayer logo appears before the film starts.   4. Other Sounds  For example, the roar of a Harley Davidson motorbike engine that has just been started.   So, how do we register them as Trademarks? Here are the tips: 1. Attach Your Graphic Representation Notations and sonograms displayed visually can differentiate between one Sound Mark and another. Example of Notation of a Sound Mark Example of Sonogram of a Sound Mark 2. Attach a Notation with a Clear Description Notation of a Sound Mark without Verbal Element Description: “The Sound Mark consists of a five-note melody in the key of C. This melody consists of one-eighth C notes, one-eighth E notes, one-eighth D notes, one-sixteenth B notes, one-sixteenth C notes joined by one and a half C notes.”   Notation of a Sound Mark with Verbal Element Description: “The Sound Mark consists of the word “HISAMITSU” and the sound of four musical notes: E, A, E, and F. The first three notes are eighth, and the last are eighth and half.”   3. For Sung/Spoken Marks, Verbal Elements Have a Big Influence on Examination What is meant by Verbal Elements is the voice that is uttered, as in the example of the HISAMITSU Mark above. If the words spoken are very different, then the sound can be considered to have great differentiating power. However, suppose two different Verbal Elements (HISAMITSU vs WECANSEEYOU) are notated the same. In that case, HI-SA-MIT-SU is performed like WE-CAN-SEE-YOU; it is not considered a different Sound Mark. If the Verbal Elements are the same but accompanied by Non-Verbal Elements, such as different musical sounds, then the differentiating value is still there, but not as big as if the Verbal Elements are entirely different.   4. For Sound Marks with Musical Elements, Different Melodies Have a Big Influence on Examination If the Sound Mark application for registration only contains Musical Elements, the distinguishing value is the different melody. The more diverse, the better, compared with the differences only being other musical instruments, tempos, and rhythms.   5. For True-to-life Sounds, Differentiating Power is Examined by Different Types, Tempos, and Rhythms. If the Sound Mark is a true-to-life sound, such as Metro Goldwyn Mayer’s lion roar, then to differentiate it, the sound of another lion’s roar must have a different tempo, rhythm, and sound level. For example, a lion’s voice, such as screaming or crying at a slower tempo, can have differentiating power.   So, what kind of Sound Mark do you want to register to support your business so that it becomes more visible and has differentiating power in the market? Make sure you can fulfill all the criteria above.   If you have questions or need other information about the Voice Mark in Indonesia or abroad, including checking whether the Mark you want to register has been previously registered by another party, please don’t hesitate to contact us via [email protected]. Source: Directorate General of Intellectual Property

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Comprehensive Trademark Protection: Post-Registration Best Practices

Intellectual Property

Comprehensive Trademark Protection: Post-Registration Best Practices Even though it has offensive and defensive functions, owning a Trademark Certificate does not necessarily prevent your Trademark from being counterfeited. Moreover, if you are a market leader, there will always be irresponsible parties who want to take advantage of profits badly.   According to data from the Indonesian Anti-Counterfeiting Society (MIAP), losses suffered by producers in 2020 from counterfeit goods have reached IDR 290 trillion. Most counterfeiting comes from software and cosmetic products, resulting in state tax losses of up to hundreds of billions of Rupiah. This high rate of counterfeiting is expected in developing countries because of the “impulsive consumerism” nature of the people who want to own branded goods but are not supported by an adequate budget. And then, buying fake goods is an option, and the important thing is that they are similar and can be worn stylishly.   With a registered Trademark, you can take legal enforcement efforts by issuing a direct warning or sending a legal notice with the help of a trusted Trademark Consultant. Suppose there is still no response from the violator. In that case, you can escalate it to the police for further efforts by including initial evidence (where the counterfeit product was sold and who the reported party is). The police will then ask for an expert opinion (Trademark Examiner from Trademark Office/ DGIP). After a follow-up from the expert, the action can be continued with the prosecution, namely confiscation, as well as criminal sanctions of fines and/or imprisonment of 4-5 years. However, most of these Trademark Infringement cases can be resolved outside court, where the guilty party pays compensation and withdraws the product from the market.   However, you must ensure that you have protected your Trademark by carrying out the following comprehensive protection:   1. Apply Registration in All Relevant Classes If you have registered your coffee shop in the restaurant class and you also sell coffee drinks or coffee beans that can be purchased separately, you must also register your Trademark in the class that can protect these products. Because you want to avoid that in the future, there will be other parties who are famous for selling coffee drink products that should only be purchased at your coffee shop, right?   2. Register Your Logo as a Trademark If your business has a logo that can make it more unique and well-known in the market, then there is no need to delay its registration as a Trademark. If necessary, also register it with the colors you use so you can carry out subsequent protection strategies.   3. Increase Your Consumer Awareness In the era of social media, marketing your products and making consumers aware of your product’s presence has become more accessible. For this reason, you can carry out a series of education. Start by explaining what your logo looks like and its meaning, including the consequences if someone fakes it and branding efforts by telling how your products and/or services prioritize quality and can only be obtained through official/specific distribution channels. In this way, consumers will buy the original one for the sake of quality rather than buying a fake one, which will cause many future losses.   Should you have questions or need other information regarding Trademark registration in Indonesia and abroad, please get in touch with us via [email protected] Source: IP Talks Directorate General Intellectual Property

Can-I-Trademark-My-Face-in-Indonesia

Can I Trademark My Face in Indonesia?

Intellectual Property, Trademark

Can I Trademark My Face in Indonesia? One of the unique things we have as a human is our different faces. Starting from the shape of our eyes, nose, lips, cheekbones, skin color, mustache, and eyebrows, it makes our face different and has its charm. Considering that being distinctive is also one of the requirements for Trademark registration. It is not uncommon for us, as well as other world citizens, to think about registering our face as a Trademark. But can it be registered? Any Trademarks that feature famous faces already come up in your mind? This article will explain.   Trademark Definition According to Article 1 of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications (Trademarks & Geographical Indications Law), a Trademark is a sign that can be displayed graphically in the form of an image, logo, name, word, letter, number, color arrangement, in the shape of 2 (two) dimensions and/or 3 (three) dimensions, sound, hologram, or a combination of 2 (two) or more of these elements to differentiate goods and/or services produced by individuals or legal entities in trading activities of goods and/or services.   Because images and photographs include visual graphics, the appearance of a face as a Trademark can be registered in Indonesia as long as it does not conflict with what is stated in Article 21 of the Trademark & Geographical Indications Law, namely that it has not been registered or applied for by another party and is not the same or resembles a photo of a famous person, except with the written consent of the entitled person.   Famous Trademarks with Face The rules are different abroad, such as in the United States and the European Union, where there is a strict prohibition on registering faces as trademarks. Recently, in the European Union, registering a Trademark with the picture of a famous model from the Netherlands, Puck Schrover, was rejected. Although the face is well known in the fashion industry, European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) examiners considered that the uniqueness of the face alone needed to be more distinctive as a Trademark because it could be a photographic representation of any woman.   However, if the face is present as an illustration, such as Colonel Sanders for the KFC or the face of a woman with long hair and “tentacles” for the Starbucks Coffee, it is considered unique and can be registered.   Meanwhile, in Indonesia, we know several registered Trademarks with faces and photos of people, such as Nyonya Meneer herbal drink (registration date: IDM000766048), Ayam Goreng Suharti (IDM000868681), Mbok Sarun fried chicken (IDM000828965), and Mbok Lindu gudeg (traditional Javanese cuisine, IDM001010038) Likewise, several service marks for alternative medicine use photos of their owners.   Face and Corporate Image In conclusion, using a face or passport picture is possible and legal if used as a Trademark in Indonesia. But are you ready to commit lifelong by putting your face on every product and/or service you have?   Because then, you must maintain your behavior and always be in the best image so the Trademark that reflects your professionalism is not disturbed. Because it is possible once you get into trouble, the lousy impact will also damage your Trademark.   However, if you are ready, take action as soon as possible to apply for the registration because the first-to-file principle applies in Indonesia. Don’t let your already phenomenal business, which resembles your image, be registered first by other irresponsible parties.   Should you have any questions or need more information regarding registering your face as a Trademark in Indonesia or abroad, please contact us via [email protected]. Sources: Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications Lexology  

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Demystifying the Public Domain: Permissions and Limitations

Intellectual Property1 Comment

Demystifying the Public Domain: Permissions and Limitations We can almost always see this iconic portrait of Bung Tomo‘s enthusiastic speech every November 10th, as Indonesia celebrates National Heroes’ Day. In fact, according to Tempo Magazine‘s journalistic investigation, this photo was not taken on that date but later in 1947 by Frans Mendur, when Bung Tomo chaired a meeting in Malang, East Java.   As a Work, this iconic portrait was first published in 1949, together with other historical photos of the Indonesian struggle, including photographs of the Proclamation, taken by Alex Mendur, Frans Mendur, and Abdoel Wahab Saleh, in a photo album “Revolutionary Paintings” courtesy of the Indonesia Press Photo Service (IPPHOS). The first two names are the brothers who founded IPPHOS. Because the portrait of Bung Tomo in Malang is more in line with the public’s imagination about the war spirit of November 10, rather than the actual conditions, where orations were only given in radio studios, this portrait is widely used to support Heroes’ Day.   However, a portrait is still a Work that has copyright protection. Articles 1 and 9 of the Indonesian Copyright Law specifically state that a portrait is a photographic Work with human objects, and only the Creator has Economic Rights to publish, reproduce in all forms, adapt, transform, and distribute a Work. If another party wants to use it, they must obtain permission from the Creator or Copyright Holder.   What if the Creator or Copyright Holder no longer exists? The Copyright Law regulates the validity period of Economic Rights, a reference for whether we still have to obtain permission from the Creator or Copyright Holder for a Work. If the validity period has passed, the Work has entered the Public Domain, and the public can use it freely without asking anyone for permission.   The Copyright Law in Indonesia divides the validity period of Economic Rights over Work into three different periods:   1. 25 years since the first publication; Applies to Works of Applied Art in the form of fine art created by using art to a product so that it has an aesthetic impression to meet practical needs, including images, motifs, or ornaments on a product.   2. 25 years since the first publication; This applies to the following three categories: Photographic works; portrait; cinematographic; video games; computer program; the appearance of written work; translations, interpretations, adaptations, anthologies, databases, adaptations, arrangements, modifications, and other works resulting from transformation; translation, adaption, arrangement, transformation or modification of traditional cultural expressions; compilation of works or data, either in a format that computer programs or other media can read; and the compilation of traditional cultural expressions as long as the compilation is an original work. Works Made for Hire; Anonymous Works and Pseudonymous Works.   3. During the life of the creator and 70 years after the creator’s death; Books, pamphlets, and all other written works; lectures, lectures, speeches, and other similar works; demonstration materials created for educational and scientific purposes; songs or music with or without text; drama, musical drama, dance, choreography, puppetry, and pantomime; works of fine art in all forms such as paintings, drawings, carvings, calligraphy, sculpture, statues or collages; architectural works; map; and batik artwork or other motif art.   4. Limitless Time Applies to held Traditional Cultural Expressions by government, which includes the following six categories: a. textual verbal, both spoken and written, in the form of prose or poetry, in various themes and message content, which can be in the form of literary works or informative narratives; b. music, including, among other things, vocal, instrumental, or a combination thereof; c. movement, including, among other things, dance; d. theater, including, among other things, puppet shows and folk plays; e. fine arts, both in two-dimensional and three-dimensional form, made from various materials such as leather, wood, bamboo, metal, stone, ceramics, paper, textiles, etc., or a combination thereof; and f. traditional ceremonies.   From the four categories above, it can be concluded that all works, if not included in Traditional Cultural Expressions, will ultimately fall into the Public Domain. Therefore, the portrait of Bung Tomo, first published in 1949, has been in the Public Domain since 1999.   In addition, there are regulations in Article 43 (e) of the Copyright Law regarding Copyright Restrictions, which states that duplication, announcement, and/or distribution of portraits of the President, Vice President, Former President, Former Vice President, National Heroes, heads of state institutions, leaders ministries/non-ministerial government agencies, and/or regional authorities with due regard for dignity and fairness by the provisions of laws and regulations are not considered a Copyright Infringement. Since 2008, Bung Tomo has been designated as a National Hero, so the public’s use of this iconic portrait is not Copyright infringement.   However, it would be best to remember that the legal basis governing Copyright varies in each country. So, the rules that apply in Indonesia may be different from other countries.   Comparison of Public Domains Abroad Duration of Copyright in the United States The Copyright Law in the United States divides the duration of Copyright as follows:      1. During the life of the creator and 70 years after the creator’s death; The creator’s identity is known for all works created after January 1, 1978.      2. 95 years from the year of its first publication, or a term of 120 years from the year of its creation, whichever expires first; For Anonymous Works, Pseudonymous Works, and Works Made for Hire      3. 45 years after the creation; Works created before January 1, 1978, but expired before December 31, 2002; and, if the work is published on or before December 31, 2002      4. 28 years after the publication. Any Posthumous Work or of any periodical, cyclopedic, or other composite work upon which the copyright was originally secured by the proprietor thereof, or any Work copyrighted by a corporate body (otherwise than as assignee or licensee of the individual author) or by an employer for whom…

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The Minimum Requirements for Industrial Design Registration in Indonesia

Intellectual Property

The Minimum Requirements for Industrial Design Registration in Indonesia Having your Industrial Design registered and protected means you are ready to advance your product to the next stage. Because the exemplary Industrial Design plays a vital role in targeting specific market segments, creating new market niches, and strengthening the company’s branding and positioning.   Industrial Design in Indonesia: A Brief Overview Industrial Design refers to an article’s ornamental or aesthetic aspect, encompassing its visual appearance and features. It is not concerned with the technical or functional aspects of the product. In Indonesia, Industrial Design protection is governed by Law No. 31 of 2000 concerning Industrial Designs. This legal framework provides creators with the means to protect their original designs from unauthorized use or reproduction.   In previous articles, we have explained the importance of novelty in Industrial Design. This time, the comprehensive guide continues with the minimum requirements, including what must be prepared to apply for Industrial Design Registration.   Minimum Application Requirements 1. Fill out the Application Form Independently or Through a Registered Intellectual Property Consultant You can submit this filling process online on the Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DGIP) portal or through a reliable, experienced Intellectual Property Consultant. Using a Consultant will give you professional advice early on the chances of your registration application being accepted. This way, the application fee you pay will not be in vain. In addition to that, you don’t need to worry about completing the required documents.   To fill out the Application Form, you must include the following data: Types of Industrial Design: When applying, you must determine what Industrial Design you wish to register among the following 4 (four) options: 1. One Design What is meant by One Design is the overall product design, for example, a chair design or a food packaging design.   2. Set Design This category is selected if your design includes several products at once—for example, a set of tables and chairs or speakers and subwoofer.   3. Divisional/Partial Design This category is chosen if your design is only part of a pre-existing product. For example, the sole part of the shoes you have previously registered or the frame part that surrounds the glass of a pair of glasses.   4. Divisional/Partial Set Design As the name suggests, this category is selected if the design you are registering is only part of several products—for example, just the outer appearance of the speaker tubes of a set of loudspeakers.   Applicant Information Contains the full name, nationality, detailed address consisting of country, province, city/district, sub-district, postal code, email, and telephone number of the Applicant.   Designer Information If the data is not the same as the Applicant, then the Designer data must be filled in with full name, nationality, and country. Designer Data can also contain more than one Designer.   Consultant Information If you use a Consultant, the data required is the Consultant’s full name and address, as well as email and telephone number.   Desain Information This data must include the following information: 1. Title of Industrial Design The general name of the product in Indonesian, without including the brand or type of item. For example, for bottle products, just write “bottle,” without adding “- 30 cm plastic”.   2. Description This section is the place to explain the product’s uses, product characteristics, and product features that you want to protect.   3. Claim In this section, you can choose the registered design, which is the complete product shape (for example, a car or shoes), configuration (for example, a car dashboard), line composition (for example, a pattern installed on a car seat), color composition (for example a colored batik design), or a combination thereof.   4. Locarno CLassification Locarno here refers to the “Locarno Agreement,” an international agreement in the field of Industrial Design that determines international classification based on a list of class and sub-class indications, as well as explanatory notes intended solely for administrative purposes of Industrial Design registration. Locarno consists of 32 class titles arranged sequentially, and class numbers are assigned according to the type, nature, or function of the goods indicated according to the relevant class title. You can choose the category according to your product type.   Priority Data This data must be filled in if the applicant comes from outside Indonesia. The information required is country of origin, priority number, priority date, and additional notes (if any).   2. Providing Figures and Descriptions The figures can be in a form of Technical Drawing, Computer Rendered Image, or Photo with the following appearance: Views: Perspective View Top view Bottom View Front look Back view Left Side View Right-side view Application Documents (administrative): Power of Attorney (if using a Consultant) Industrial Design Ownership Letter Assignment Document of Industrial Design Rights from Designer to Applicant A required letter if the Designer is not the same as the Applicant. Therefore, this letter must contain the following information: Assignor = Designer; Assignee = Industrial Design Owner/Applicant; Designers are individuals, one or more than one; The owner is an individual or a legal entity; Legal entities are represented by parties who are responsible for representing them, as evidenced by a position decree or similar. Priority Document along with its translation into Indonesian (must be sworn translated)   3. Pay the Application Fee Once all the documents are complete, you will receive detailed fees, and if payment has been made, it will continue with the Formality Examination, Publication, and Substantive Examination. All of these documents will be provided to you by us later on.   Furthermore, if no problems are found with the application or no existing design is found, DGIP will issue an Industrial Design Rights Certificate as proof of ownership of Industrial Design Rights. This protection certificate is valid for 10 (ten) years and cannot be extended, valid from the date the application was received, not from the time the certificate was issued.   Should you have other questions about the Industrial…

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The Impact of Intellectual Property on the Quality of Life for People with Disabilities

Intellectual Property

The Impact of Intellectual Property on the Quality of Life for People with Disabilities   The 2022* Asian Para Games, which ended yesterday in Hangzhou, China, showcased human civilization’s sportsmanship, high fighting spirit, and demonstrated the impact of Intellectual Property (IP) on the quality of life of people with disabilities in many ways. For example, the Games featured a wide range of patented assistive technologies used by athletes with disabilities to compete at the highest level. These patented assistive technologies included:   Running Prosthetics:  Losing a leg (or both) is not an obstacle for paralympic athletes to run; they no longer use prosthetic legs in the form of legs but unique legs in the form of carbon fiber plates, which are lighter and enable them to run like Olympic athletes. One of the Running Prosthetic manufacturers whose products are widely used is Ottobock, which currently has more than 1,800 patents.   Racing Wheelchairs: There are three sports where wheelchair use is permitted at the 2022 Asian Para Games: basketball, fencing, and tennis. Of course, they don’t compete with ordinary wheelchairs, but wheelchairs with innovative technology that makes them lighter but more robust, which allows them to act more quickly and safely.   Swim Fins: Swimming athletes who don’t have legs can use artificial fins made from silicon worn on their hands to swim faster and more efficiently.   Blindfolds: Because not all Paralympic athletes are entirely blind, for the competition to be fair, they are required to use unique cloth coverings, for example, when competing in athletics. These blindfolds are also made with an innovative design to be worn comfortably throughout the competition.   At the 2022 Asian Para Games, Indonesia achieved the highest achievement by reaching 6th place, under China, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and India. The economic benefits obtained certainly do not only come to people with disabilities. The sporting event, which took place from October 22nd to 28th, 2023, generated billions of dollars in economic activity and created thousands of jobs from its implementation and innovative products protected by Intellectual Property.   Intellectual Property continues to play an essential role in improving the quality of life of people with disabilities in various ways, including: Encourage innovation in assistive technologies to help people with disabilities live more independent and fulfilling lives. For example, IP rights have been instrumental in developing technologies such as screen readers, speech-to-text software, and prosthetic limbs. Make assistive technologies more affordable and accessible to people with disabilities. For example, IP rights can establish licensing agreements allowing manufacturers to produce and sell assistive technologies at lower prices. Promote the inclusion of people with disabilities in the workplace and society. For example, IP rights can be used to protect the intellectual property of businesses that employ people with disabilities. This can help to create jobs for people with disabilities and reduce the stigma associated with disability.   Overall, the 2022 Asian Para Games were a powerful reminder of the positive impact that IP can have on the quality of life for people with disabilities. IP-protected assistive technologies can help people with disabilities live more independent and fulfilling lives, participate in the workplace and society, and achieve their full potential.    If you need more information about IP protection in Indonesia or abroad, please feel free to contact us via email at [email protected] Source: WIPO Magazines 2022 Asian Para Games   *) Dated 2022, as it originally marked the event scheduled for 2022, which was subsequently rescheduled to 2023 due to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

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The Intellectual Property Landscape of Tokusatsu: A Comprehensive Overview

Intellectual Property

The Intellectual Property Landscape of Tokusatsu: A Comprehensive Overview Tokusatsu (特撮) is a Japanese term for live-action (non-anime) films or television programs that heavily use practical special effects. However, in its development, this genre in Japan is mainly used in movies or series with superhero themes. From giant monsters (Kaiju) such as Godzilla and Gamera, humans who turn into giant Ultraman, masked heroes riding a bike (Kamen Rider), colorful Super Sentai heroes, metallic heroes like Gavan, and many more.   In Japan, Tokusatsu has become an enormous industry. Every year, there are at least 3 (three) new series, 2 (films) on the big screen, and dozens of OTT content, with some toys that consistently record best-selling toy sales. The BANDAI toy company, as the Master Licensee of Kamen Rider, Ultraman, and Super Sentai, records revenues of around 60 billion Yen per year from the above Intellectual Properties. Of course, this is apart from the income from broadcasting rights received by Production Houses from broadcasting throughout the world.   Then, what other Intellectual Properties are related to Tokusatsu? Here is the explanation:   1.      Copyright Copyright is Intellectual Property in science, art, and literature resulting from inspiration, ability, thoughts, imagination, dexterity, skills, or expertise expressed in real form. According to the Copyright Law, the work is called Creation, and the creator is for sure called the Creator. Because one individual does not make Tokusatsu but is a joint work of several companies, the Creator can be the designer or production leader with the title of Producer, but these companies own the Copyright Holder. For example, the late Shotaro Ishinomori is recognized as the creator of the Kamen Rider series. Still, the Copyright Holder is listed as jointly owned by Ishimori Pro (Shotaro’s company), TV Asahi (the broadcasting TV station), and TOEI (the production house). Companies registered as Copyright Holders can also be seen from writing such as “(C) 2023 石森プロ・テレビ朝日・東映” in various published materials. Tokusatsu’s works related to Copyright are not only the series or films but also the songs, scripts, characterizations, illustrations, and books related to them. Copyright is protected as long as the creator is alive, plus 70 years after that, and cannot be extended. Protected here means that only the Copyright Holder has Economic Rights and Moral Rights, so that no other party may publish, duplicate, translate, adapt/arrange/transform, distribute, announce, communicate, or rent it without the permission of the Copyright Holder.   2.      Trademark Trademark in Tokusatsu is not the additional protection but the primary Intellectual Property, which makes the name unique, along with the logo, which makes it different from other works already on the market. In contrast to Copyright, which does not need to be registered, Trademarks must be registered to obtain protection. When applying for a Trademark, it is necessary to provide information about the appropriate protection classes according to its products and/or services. The number of classes registered for the Tokusatsu series, which airs throughout the year, usually reaches 22 classes, but for films, it is only around 6 (six) to a dozen. This significant difference in numbers is because broadcasts present throughout the year will also have more derivative products and services that can be produced, and all of them must be protected from the possibility of being exploited by other irresponsible parties. Some of the trademark classes that are usually registered for the Tokusatsu series that air throughout the year are classes 32 (beverages), 30 (processed food), 28 (toys), 25 (clothing), 16 (paper), and 9 (electronic equipment). Uniquely, the Trademark Registration process is open from the start of the application process, which can be accessed by the public via the Japanese Patent Information site, providing a means for fans to get a sneak peek at the name of the new Tokusatsu series, several months before the official announcement.   3.      Industrial Design In the world of Tokusatsu, there is a unique symbiotic mutualistic relationship between toy manufacturers and Copyright Holders. It is so unique that it is common knowledge that the Tokusatsu series is called a toy advertisement that airs throughout the year. As a toy manufacturer and shareholder of the Tokusatsu producers, BANDAI also provides other support, namely making character designs, so that they can be immediately ready to be produced in various kinds of toys liked by fans of various ages from abroad. The Industrial Designs for Tokusatsu toys registered by BANDAI can also be seen on the Japanese Patent Information site. Uniquely, even though the Industrial Design is registered and owned by BANDAI, all names involved in the creative process, including representatives from the production house, are still registered as the Designer. Registration of Industrial Designs for these toys is essential so that no other party makes imitation products. Because the practice of pirating Tokusatsu toys is usually done by producing the same toys but with different Trademarks. So by registering, even if these pirates escape the trap of Trademark violations, they will not escape Industrial Design violations.   4.      Patent Patents are one type of Intellectual Property that needs to be understood in Indonesia. It is as if the patent is Intellectual Property, even though it is only one type. Patents are Intellectual Property directly related to innovation and technology with novelty value. If associated with Tokusatsu, the patent protection could be in the thin but strong action figure joint technology, toy sensors that can be activated by finger movements or inserting a coded card, and BANDAI owns all the patents.   5.      Trade Secret The formula used to make a hero’s costume that is strong but light, to the right amount of chemicals to cause a significant but safe explosion, as well as other secret formulas, can be kept as Trade Secrets. These secrets make Tokusatsu a spectacle that continues to amaze fans, and all team members involved are bound by a Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA).   6.      License Agreement After having a recorded Copyright…