One Vehicle - Two Different Brands: Which Intellectual Property Rights May Be Infringed? - AFFA IPR

One Vehicle – Two Different Brands: Which Intellectual Property Rights May Be Infringed?

Intellectual Property, Industrial DesignLeave a comment

We may already be familiar with the concept of ODM (Original Design Manufacturer)—a production scheme where a single manufacturer produces identical products in terms of design, which are then marketed under different brands by multiple companies. This phenomenon is commonly seen in electronic products such as chargers, earphones, and smartphones.   However, what happens when a similar practice occurs in far more complex products such as motor vehicles?   Is it possible for two physically identical motorcycles or cars to be sold in the market under different brands? The answer is: yes—but not always legally.   Industrial Design: Protecting the Aesthetic Appearance of Products   In the automotive context, the most critical aspect is not only functionality, but also visual appearance, which is protected under Industrial Design rights.   Industrial Design protection covers shape, configuration, composition of lines or colors, and overall aesthetic impression. This means that if two vehicles share an identical design but are marketed under different brands, the legal conflict may strongly point toward Industrial Design infringement.   Industrial Design Protection Extends to Individual Components   Under Industrial Design law, vehicles are categorized as “complex products,” meaning that each visible component—such as bumpers, headlights, or wheels—can be individually registered and protected as separate designs.   As a result, infringement involving a single vehicle may not be isolated, but rather multi-layered. For example, if a party produces a vehicle that appears substantially similar, and:   the bumper infringes Registered Design A the wheels infringe Registered Design B the headlights infringe Registered Design C   Then the infringement is not singular—it becomes a multi-layer infringement case with significant legal implications.   Why Does This Practice Occur?   Several scenarios may explain this phenomenon:   Legitimate Collaboration (Legal Co-Branding / Rebadging) In the automotive industry, this practice is commonly known as rebadging or OEM partnership. In such cases, one manufacturer produces the vehicle, another company markets it under a different brand, based on valid licensing or distribution agreements.  In this scenario, no infringement occurs, as Industrial Design rights are lawfully utilized through contractual arrangements. Unauthorized Copying (Illegal Production)  This is the highest-risk scenario. Here, a vehicle design is replicated without authorization and/or marketed under a different brand, with no legal relationship to the original design owner.In such cases, potential infringements may include: Industrial Design infringement. Trademark infringement (especially if there is imitation of identity or brand confusion).  Gray Area: Ex-ODM or Supply Chain Leakage In certain cases, manufacturers that previously collaborated under ODM/OEM arrangements: have access to proprietary designs and later reproduce similar products under a different brand without further authorization  Unfortunately, this type of practice is not uncommon in global manufacturing and often leads to complex legal disputes.   What Should Consumers Be Aware Of?   For consumers, this phenomenon is not always easy to identify. However, several precautionary principles can be considered:   Be Cautious of Unusual Price Differences If two visually identical vehicles are sold at significantly lower—or even unusually higher—prices, their legality should be questioned.  Verify Official Distribution Channels Is the product sold through authorized dealers with clear after-sales support? In legitimate partnerships, licensees or distributors typically disclose such information openly through official websites or social media channels.  The Risk Is Not Only Legal—But Also Quality Products that infringe intellectual property rights often bypass proper quality control and lack safety guarantees.  One Vehicle, Two Brands: Not Just a Trademark Issue, but a Complex IP Ecosystem   This phenomenon is not merely a branding issue. Behind it lies the potential for serious violations involving Industrial Design rights, Trademark rights, and even issues of public transparency.   For businesses, this serves as an important reminder that protecting intellectual property is not only about registration—it also involves controlling the production and distribution chain, often secured through licensing agreements.   For consumers, choosing legitimate products is not only about legal compliance but also about safety, quality, and the sustainability of the industry.   If you are a business engaged in global manufacturing, ensuring the protection of your Industrial Designs and Trademarks from the outset is a critical step.   Should you need further information regarding the protection of Industrial Designs, Trademarks, and Licensing Agreements in Indonesia, please contact us through the channels below and receive a FREE 15-minute consultation:   📩 E-Mail : [email protected] 📞 Book a Call : +62 21 83793812 💬 WhatsApp : +62 812 87000 889   About AFFA:  Established in 1999, AFFA Intellectual Property Rights is an Indonesia-based boutique IP law firm serving international brands and innovators, offering full-service support—from prosecution and licensing to enforcement and commercialization—in Indonesia’s dynamic IP landscape. Our firm is widely recognized for its excellence, with accolades including “Best Boutique Law Firm in Indonesia” and “IP Enforcement Firm” at the Indonesia Law Firm Awards 2025 by Asia Business Law Journal, as well as being listed as a “Recommended Firm 2024 — Indonesia” by WTR 1000: The World’s Leading Trademark Professionals. For more information, please visit: www.affa.co.id.

Types of Intellectual Property in the Gaming Industry - AFFA IPR

Types of Intellectual Property in the Gaming Industry

Intellectual PropertyLeave a comment

The gaming industry is no longer merely a form of entertainment—it has become one of the largest digital economic sectors in the world. Globally, the gaming industry is projected to generate approximately USD 188.8 billion in 2025, with billions of players worldwide. In fact, the sector is expected to continue growing and may approach USD 300 billion within the next 2–3 years.   In Indonesia, the potential is equally significant. The gaming market is estimated to reach around USD 4.28 billion (± IDR 65 trillion) in 2025, with more than 150 million active players. Indonesia has even become the largest gaming market in Southeast Asia, driven largely by the dominance of mobile gaming. However, what is truly interesting is not just the numbers, but where the money actually comes from.   Where Does the Gaming Industry’s Revenue Come From? The economic circulation within the gaming industry is driven by various monetization streams, including:   In-App Purchase (IAP) In-game purchases such as skins, items, characters, or battle passes have become the primary revenue driver. In Indonesia alone, IAP contributes hundreds of millions of dollars annually. Game Sales (Premium Model) Paid games—both digital and physical—remain a core business model, especially for PC and console platforms. Advertising Free-to-play games often monetize through advertising, which contributes a significant portion of industry revenue. Subscription & Platform Ecosystem Models such as Xbox Game Pass and PlayStation Plus create stable recurring revenue streams. Esports & Streaming Tournaments, sponsorships, and streaming platforms generate their own economic ecosystem. Merchandise & Licensing Game characters evolve into brands that generate revenue through derivative products such as toys, films, apparel, and more.   Intellectual Property in the Gaming Industry However, before a game can even exist in the market, its Intellectual Property (IP) protection is indispensable. Behind the complexity of the industry lies a combination of integrated IP rights:   Trademark Protects the game name (e.g., Mobile Legends, Genshin Impact), logos, and even character names. Trademark registration serves as both a business identity safeguard and a key marketing asset. Copyright Protects source code, artwork, character design, animation, music and sound effects, as well as dialogue and storyline. In essence, almost all creative elements within a game fall under copyright protection. Patent Used to protect innovative gameplay mechanics and technical systems such as matchmaking algorithms, AI behavior, or unique physics engines. Patent protection for gameplay mechanisms has become common practice—not only to prevent competitors from copying, but also to generate additional revenue through licensing to other developers. Trade Secret Protects internal algorithms (such as drop rates and balancing systems), player data and analytics, as well as monetization strategies. Licensing Licensing is the core of IP monetization in the gaming industry. Today, many successful games achieve significant growth through collaborations with well-known brands. Examples include games that incorporate characters from films (Marvel, anime, tokusatsu, etc.) or brand collaborations (such as skins tied to fashion, automotive, or sports brands).   However, these collaborations carry serious legal implications. Without proper licensing agreements, the use of third-party IP may lead to significant legal disputes.   Why Do Many Games Use Region Lock? The “region lock” phenomenon in gaming is not merely a technical decision—it is closely tied to both business strategy and intellectual property law, driven by the following factors:   Licensing Differences Distribution rights for a game may vary across countries. For example, Publisher A may hold rights in Asia, while another entity controls Europe. Unauthorized distribution may harm these rights holders. Regulatory Compliance Each country has different regulations regarding content (violence, gambling, etc.), data privacy, and payment systems. Therefore, a game cannot simply be released globally without adapting to local regulations. Pricing Strategy Region lock allows companies to apply different pricing strategies based on purchasing power in each country. Markets with large player bases may receive lower pricing—or not—depending on marketing strategy, including region-specific promotions. Technical Limitations Some games require specific internet infrastructure or platforms that may not be available in all countries. Forcing availability could result in poor performance and damage user experience. For these reasons, region lock and distribution limitations have become standard practice in the gaming industry.   If your business is involved in the gaming industry and you require further information regarding Intellectual Property protection and registration in Indonesia or other jurisdictions, feel free to contact us through the following channels and receive a FREE 15-minute consultation:   📩 E-Mail : [email protected] 📞 Book a Call : +62 21 83793812 💬 WhatsApp : +62 812 87000 889   About AFFA:  Established in 1999, AFFA Intellectual Property Rights is an Indonesia-based boutique IP law firm serving international brands and innovators, offering full-service support—from prosecution and licensing to enforcement and commercialization—in Indonesia’s dynamic IP landscape. Our firm is widely recognized for its excellence, with accolades including “Best Boutique Law Firm in Indonesia” and “IP Enforcement Firm” at the Indonesia Law Firm Awards 2025 by Asia Business Law Journal, as well as being listed as a “Recommended Firm 2024 — Indonesia” by WTR 1000: The World’s Leading Trademark Professionals. For more information, please visit: www.affa.co.id.

The Ultimate Guide to Indonesia’s Latest Patent Regulation Under the Ministry of Law Regulation No. 6 Year 2026 on Patent Applications - AFFA IPR

印度尼西亚法律部2026年第6号专利申请条例项下最新专利申请规定终极指南

Patent, Intellectual PropertyLeave a comment

印度尼西亚共和国政府最近颁布了专利申请相关2026年第6号法律部条例（以下简称“条例”），为向知识产权总局（DGIP）提交专利申请的程序事项构建了经更新监管框架。新《条例》体现了印度尼西亚专利管理方面的重要进展，反映了政府在持续提高国家知识产权体系效率、透明度和法律确定性方面所付出的努力。 此外，《条例》还作为2024年第65号法律（2016年第13号专利法第三次修正案）对专利法最新修正案的实施监管框架。 从实务角度，《条例》引入了多项程序改进和澄清，与印度尼西亚专利申请人和专利组合管理从业者密切相关。 特别是，新条款涉及专利申请流程中多个方面，包括需在DGIP办理的申请手续、支持文件和行政程序。 随着印度尼西亚持续吸引越来越多的技术投资和创新驱动活动，了解上述监管动态发展，对于在该司法管辖区寻求获得高效、及时专利保护的申请人而言至关重要。 现将《条例》要点摘要如下，供参阅：   申请最低限度信息和文件要求 《条例》第2条规定了提交专利申请所需的最低限度信息。 该等要求包括以下各项： a. 申请函的年、月、日； b. 发明人的姓名、完整地址和国籍； c. 申请人并非法律实体时，申请人的姓名、完整地址和国籍； d. 申请人为法律实体时，申请人的名称和完整地址； e. 申请通过代理人提交的，代理人的姓名和完整地址； f. 发明名称； g. 申请主张优先权时，首次申请的国家名称和提交日期以及 h. 申请基于专利合作条约（PCT）提交时，PCT编号和国际申请日期。   此外，申请还应配套以下内容： a. 发明名称； b. 发明说明书； c. 界定保护范围的权利要求书； d. 发明摘要； e. 附图，当申请中包含理解发明所必需的附图时； f. 授权委托书，当申请通过执业知识产权代理人/代理机构提交时； g. 发明权利转让书，当提交申请的申请人并非发明人时； h. 主管当局出具的资质证明，当申请人为微型/小型企业、教育机构、政府研发机构（仅限本地主体）时； i. 微生物保藏证书，当申请涉及微生物时；以及 j. 申请人就遗传资源和/或传统知识来源作出的声明，当发明涉及遗传资源和/或传统知识时。   分节和序列表   a. 技术领域 发明所属技术领域的描述和解释。 b. 背景技术 申请人所知的、有助于理解、检索与审查发明的技术背景说明 该部分还可引用构成技术背景的现有文献，并说明该发明相较于同领域现有技术所具备的技术优势及有益效果。 c. 发明概要 发明实施例及其实施方式的简明说明。 d. 附图简述 附图相关事项的简要说明，当申请包含附图时。 e. 发明具体描述 实施发明的至少一种方式的完整说明。 在适当情况下可参考附图进行描述，并且必须说明发明的产业应用性或实际使用方式，尤其是发明难以仅用文字进行描述时。 f. 序列表 在适当情况下，以符合国际标准的格式提供并以可移植文档格式（PDF）提交的序列表。   必须提交英文和印尼文译本 《条例》第7条规定，专利说明书以非英文外语撰写的，申请人仍需自申请之日起30日内提供英文和印尼文译本。 该提交期限不得延长，建议申请人在截止日期内提供所需译文。   国家阶段进入截止日期及延期 《条例》第37条规定，根据《专利合作条约》（PCT）提交的指定印度尼西亚的专利申请，需最迟在31（三十一）个月的期限内向作为接收机构的法律部长提交国家阶段进入申请，期限起算点为： a. 国际申请日期；或者 b. 最早优先权日期。   如果在31个月期限之后提交申请，申请人或其授权代表可获准延期提交申请，但须根据法律部非税国家收入（PNBP）现行法规缴纳相应费用。 从国际申请日期起算，上述延期最长为申请截止日期后3（三）个月； 此外，从最早优先权日期起算，延期最长为申请截止日期后12（十二）个月。 超出上述延长期限后提交的，申请不予处理。   优先申请截止日期和延期 和PCT一致，《条例》第28条允许逾期提交优先权申请。主张优先权的专利申请，需自优先权日起12个月内提交。如果申请未在12个月内提交，仍可在截止日期后4个月内提交。 但是，在此4个月宽限期内提交申请，需根据法务部非税国家收入（PNBP）适用法规缴纳附加官费。 无论何种情形，申请人均需自优先权日起16个月内提交优先权国出具的优先权文件。   加速公开 虽然现行公开流程已较以往提速，但《条例》规定可请求加速或加快公开。  申请人可自申请日起最早3个月内缴纳附加官费提出请求； 但是，该方法不适用于主张优先权的专利申请。  简易专利（实用新型）的公开周期已大幅缩短，为14天。   提前实质性审查请求 形式文件均已齐全，可在公开程序启动前请求提前实质性审查。 审查员应在公布期结束后12个月内作出驳回或授权决定。但是，如果申请在公开期内遭遇异议，审查员可额外延长18个月作出驳回或授权决定。   加速实质性审查 通过PPH或区域合作机制（即ASPEC）提出的加速审查请求，在《条例》中加以规范。 申请人应提供以下内容： a. 双边合作下加速实质性审查申请表； b. 权利要求对应表； c. 伙伴国在双边加速合作下出具的实质性审查结果副本； d. 伙伴国实质性审查结果中引用的现有技术文件的副本； e. 经审查确定在伙伴国可允许/可申请专利的权利要求书副本；和 f. 按现行法律法规缴纳规定官费。   实质性复审 这是《条例》最重要的特点。 《条例》强调了申请人在向专利申诉委员会提起申诉前，可另行启动的另一种程序。需注意，所有实质性复审请求均须由审查员进一步审查，审查员应自请求日起12个月内作出决定。 可就下列情形提出实质性复查： 申请驳回 如果专利申请被驳回，申请人有机会请求实质性复审（二次审查），特别是当发明被认为不符合适用条款下的可专利性要求时。 为此，申请人（或其代理人）必须提交一份申请表，其中包含关键细节，如申请号、驳回详情、发明人和申请人信息，以及复审申请理由。 该申请表还必须有书面解释和相关证据支持，自驳回通知日起9个月内提交。 如果在复审后发现申请符合专利要求，主管机关将通知申请人。 然后，申请人可自收到复审结果之日起3个月内答复，处理剩余事项后等待最终决定。 专利授予后修改说明书、权利要求书和/或附图 专利授予后，申请人可申请实质性复审以修改说明书、权利要求书和/或附图。 该等复审仅限于特定事项，例如翻译错误、不清楚或有歧义内容澄清（不得扩大发明范围），以及编辑或印刷错误更正。 要提交该请求，申请人（或其代理人）必须提交一份包含关键细节（如专利号、申请人/发明人信息和更正原因）的表格，并附书面解释、支持证据和授权委托书 （如适用）。 该请求必须在专利授予通知之日起9个月内提交。 该机制允许专利权人在授予后修复错误或明晰内容，但不得用于扩大保护范围。 专利授予决定 专利授予后，申请人可请求对授予决定进行实质性复审，以对说明书、权利要求书、摘要和/或附图进行修改，但是该等修改不得扩大发明范围。 为提交该请求，申请人（或其代理人）必须提交一份包含关键细节（如专利号、申请人/发明人信息和请求原因）的表格，并附支持文件，包括书面解释、证据、原始专利证书、年费缴付证明和授权委托书（如适用）。 该请求必须在授予通知之日起9个月内提交。 该机制允许专利权人在专利授予后对其进行优化或调整，但严格禁止扩大保护范围。 申请撤回 如果专利申请已被撤回（如第54条和第55条所述），申请人仍可请求对撤回进行实质性复审。 为此，申请人（或其代理人）必须提交一份表格，其中包含关键细节，如申请号、撤回通知详情、申请人和发明人信息，以及复审申请理由。 该请求必须在撤回之日起2个月内提出，截止日期极短且需严格遵循。 该机制为撤销或异议撤回决定提供有限机会，但需迅速采取行动并提出适当理由。 视为撤回 因各种原因撤回的（包括未能提供手续文件而被视为撤回的）申请，可通过复审程序恢复。该请求必须在视为撤回申请通知之日起9个月内提交。   进一步的法律救济 《条例》第131条强调了可按复审形式采取的进一步法律救济。 例如，审查后授权/驳回申请（第73条）、初步审查后授权/驳回申请（第81条）和简单专利申请授权/驳回（第90条）。   此外，第131条第（2）款规定，向专利申诉委员会提起上述诉讼的截止日期为自实质性审查、提前实质性审查或复审决定之日起9个月。如果申诉人对结果不服，可自专利申诉委员会决定日起3个月内向商事法院提起进一步诉讼。   如果您对印度尼西亚新版《专利申请条例》有进一步疑问，请随时通过以下渠道联系，获取免费15分钟咨询：   📩电子邮箱：[email protected] 📞预约通话：+62 21 83793812 💬WeChat：@AFFAIPR   关于AFFA：  AFFA知识产权律师事务所成立于1999年，是一家总部位于印度尼西亚的精品知识产权律师事务所，专注服务国际品牌和创新主体，在不断发展的印度尼西亚知识产权领域提供从申请、许可到执行与商业化的全流程服务支持。 本事务所凭借卓越服务而广受认可，在《亚洲商法杂志》颁发的2025年印度尼西亚律师事务所奖中获得“印度尼西亚最佳精品律师事务所”和“知识产权执行事务所”等荣誉，并被“WTR 1000：全球商标领域领先律师事务所”评为“2024年度印度尼西亚推荐事务所”。更多信息，请访问www.affa.co.id。

The Ultimate Guide to Indonesia’s Latest Patent Regulation Under the Ministry of Law Regulation No. 6 Year 2026 on Patent Applications - AFFA IPR

インドネシア最新特許規則の完全ガイド：法務大臣規則第6号（2026年）に基づく特許出願制度

Patent, Intellectual PropertyLeave a comment

インドネシア共和国政府は、特許出願に関する法務大臣規則第6号（2026年）（以下「本規則」）を新たに施行しました。本規則は、知的財産総局（DGIP）における特許出願手続に関する制度を刷新するものであり、特許出願に関する手続的側面を包括的に規律する新たな枠組みを構築しています。 本規則は、インドネシアの特許行政における重要な進展を示すものであり、国家の知的財産制度の効率性、透明性、および法的確実性の向上に向けた政府の継続的な取り組みを反映しています。さらに、本規則は、2016年特許法（法律第13号）を改正する2024年法律第65号（第三次改正）を実施するための施行規則としての役割も担っています。 実務的観点から見ると、本規則はインドネシアにおいて特許ポートフォリオを管理する出願人および実務家にとって重要な手続上の改善および明確化を多数導入しています。特に、新たな規定は、出願手続、必要書類、ならびにDGIPにおける行政手続の各側面について具体的に規律しています。 インドネシアが引き続き技術投資およびイノベーション主導型の活動を積極的に受け入れている中で、これらの規制動向を理解することは、同国において効果的かつ適時に特許保護を取得するために不可欠です。 以下に、本規則の概要をご案内いたします：   出願に必要な最低限の情報および書類要件 本規則第2条は、特許出願の提出にあたり必要とされる最低限の情報を規定しています。その内容は以下のとおりです： a. 出願書の日付（年・月・日） b. 発明者の氏名、完全な住所および国籍 c. 出願人が法人でない場合における、出願人の氏名、完全な住所および国籍 d. 出願人が法人である場合における、出願人の名称および完全な住所 e. 代理人を通じて出願する場合における、代理人の氏名および完全な住所 f. 発明の名称 g. 優先権を主張する場合における、最初の出願国およびその出願日 h. 特許協力条約（PCT）に基づく出願である場合における、PCT番号および国際出願日   さらに、出願は以下の書類を添付する必要があります： a. 発明の名称 b. 発明の詳細な説明（明細書） c. 保護を求める範囲を定める請求項 d. 発明の要約（アブストラクト） e. 発明の理解に必要な場合における図面 f. 登録された知的財産代理人を通じて出願する場合の委任状 g. 出願人が発明者でない場合における権利譲渡証書 h. 出願人が中小企業、教育機関、または政府の研究開発機関に該当する場合における、所轄当局が発行する証明書（※本要件は国内法人に限り適用） i. 発明が微生物に関するものである場合における微生物寄託証明書 j. 発明が遺伝資源および／または伝統的知識に関連する場合における、その出所に関する出願人の声明   各セクションおよび配列表  a. 発明の属する技術分野 本発明が属する技術分野についての説明および解説。  b. 発明の背景 本発明の理解、調査、および審査のために必要な、出願人が認識している技術的背景についての説明。 本セクションでは、当該技術分野における従来技術に関する文献に言及することができ、さらに既存技術と比較した本発明の技術的利点および有用性について説明することも可能です。  c. 発明の概要本発明の実施形態およびその実施方法についての簡潔な説明。d. 図面の簡単な説明 図面を含む場合における、当該図面に関する事項の簡潔な説明。 e. 発明の詳細な説明 本発明を実施するための少なくとも1つの方法についての完全な説明。必要に応じて図面を参照しながら説明することができ、特に発明の性質上、言葉のみでの説明が困難な場合には、産業上の利用可能性や実際の使用方法について明確に記載する必要があります。 f. 配列表 該当する場合、国際基準に準拠した形式で作成された配列表を提出する必要があり、Portable Document Format（PDF）にて提出しなければなりません。   英語およびインドネシア語訳の提出義務 本規則第7条は、特許明細書が英語以外の外国語で作成されている場合、出願人は出願日から30日以内に英語およびインドネシア語の双方の翻訳文を提出しなければならないと規定しています。本提出期限の延長は認められていないため、出願人は期限内に必要な翻訳文を確実に提出することが強く求められます。   国内段階移行期限およびその延長 本規則第37条に基づき、特許協力条約（PCT）に基づいてインドネシアを指定した特許出願は、以下のいずれかの日から起算して31か月以内に、受理官庁としての大臣へ国内段階移行のために提出しなければなりません： 国際出願日 最先の優先日 当該31か月の期限を経過して提出された場合でも、出願人またはその代理人は、法務省における非税収入（PNBP）に関する現行規則に基づく所定の手数料を納付することにより、期限延長が認められる場合があります。 この延長は以下のとおり認められます： 国際出願日から起算した期限満了後、最大3か月の延長 最先の優先日から起算した期限満了後、最大12か月の延長 ただし、これらの延長期間を経過して出願された場合、当該出願は受理されません。   優先権主張出願の期限および延長 PCT出願と同様に、本規則第28条は、優先権を主張する特許出願について期限後の提出を認めています。 優先権を主張する特許出願は、優先日から12か月以内に提出しなければなりません。もっとも、この期間内に出願されなかった場合でも、期限経過後さらに4か月以内であれば出願が可能です。 ただし、この4か月の猶予期間内に出願する場合には、法務省における非税収入（PNBP）に関する規則に基づき、追加の政府手数料の支払いが必要となります。 なお、いかなる場合においても、出願人は優先日から16か月以内に優先権証明書を提出できる状態にある必要があります。   早期公開（加速公開） 現在の公開手続は従来と比較して既に迅速化されていますが、本規則により早期公開（加速公開）の申請が可能となっています。 当該申請は、出願日から最短3か月後に、所定の追加官費を支払うことにより行うことができます。ただし、優先権を伴う特許出願については、この早期公開制度は適用されません。なお、簡易特許（実用新案）については、公開期間自体が非常に短く、14日間とされています。   早期実体審査請求 実体審査の早期請求は、公開段階に入る前であっても、すべての方式要件書類が整っている場合に提出することが可能です。審査官は、公開期間終了後12か月以内に、拒絶または特許付与の判断を行うことが予定されています。もっとも、公開期間中に異議申立てがなされた場合には、審査官にはさらに最大18か月の追加期間が与えられ、最終判断を行うこととなります。   加速実体審査 本規則は、PPH（特許審査ハイウェイ）または地域的枠組み（例：ASPEC）を通じた加速実体審査についても規定しています。当該申請にあたり、出願人は以下の書類を提出する必要があります： 二国間協力に基づく加速実体審査の申請書 クレーム対応表（Claims Correspondence Table） 協力対象国における実体審査結果の写し 当該審査結果において引用された先行技術文献の写し 協力対象国において特許可能と判断されたクレームの写し 関係法令に基づく所定の官費の支払い   実体再審査 本制度は、本規則における最も重要な特徴の一つであり、特許審判委員会への不服申立て（審判）に進む前に、出願人が利用可能な追加的手段を提供するものです。すべての実体再審査請求は審査官による再度の審査対象となり、請求日から12か月以内に判断が下されることとされています。 実体再審査は、以下の場合に請求することが可能です： 出願の拒絶に対する再審査 特許出願が拒絶された場合、出願人は、特に当該発明が特許要件を満たさないと判断された場合において、実体再審査（いわゆるセカンドレビュー）を請求することができます。  当該請求にあたっては、出願番号、拒絶理由、発明者および出願人の情報、再審査請求の理由等を含む所定の申請書を提出しなければなりません。また、書面による説明および関連証拠を添付する必要があります。この請求は、拒絶通知日から9か月以内に行う必要があります。再審査の結果、特許要件を満たしていると判断された場合、当局は出願人に通知を行います。出願人はその後、通知受領日から3か月以内に応答する機会が与えられ、最終判断前に残存する問題点に対応することが可能です。   特許付与後の明細書・請求項・図面の補正 特許付与後、出願人は、明細書、請求項および／または図面の補正を目的として実体再審査を請求することができます。ただし、この再審査は以下のような限定的事項にのみ適用されます： 翻訳誤りの修正 不明確または曖昧な記載の明確化（※発明の範囲を拡張しない範囲に限る） 編集上または誤記の訂正  請求にあたっては、特許番号、出願人・発明者情報、補正理由等を記載した申請書に加え、説明書、証拠書類、および必要に応じて委任状を提出する必要があります。本請求は、特許付与通知日から9か月以内に行わなければなりません。   特許付与決定に対する再審査 特許付与後、出願人は、明細書、請求項、要約および／または図面の変更を目的として、付与決定自体に対する実体再審査を請求することが可能です。ただし、これらの変更は発明の保護範囲を拡張しない範囲に限定されます。 請求には、特許番号、出願人・発明者情報、請求理由等を含む申請書のほか、以下の書類が必要となります： 書面による説明 証拠資料 原特許証 年金納付証明書 必要に応じた委任状  本請求は、特許付与通知日から9か月以内に提出する必要があります。   出願の取下げに対する再審査 特許出願が（第54条および第55条に基づき）取下げられた場合であっても、出願人は当該取下げに対する実体再審査を請求することができます。  請求には、出願番号、取下げ通知の詳細、出願人および発明者の情報、再審査請求の理由等を含む申請書を提出する必要があります。この請求は、取下げ日から2か月以内という非常に短い期間内に行う必要があります。 みなし取下げに対する再審査  方式要件書類の未提出等の理由により、出願がみなし取下げとされた場合でも、再審査手続により当該出願を回復することが可能です。この場合の請求は、みなし取下げ通知日から9か月以内に行わなければなりません。   追加的な法的救済手段 本規則第131条は、再審査という形での追加的な法的救済手段について規定しています。具体的には、以下の決定に対して再審査を求めることが可能です： 審査後の出願の付与／拒絶（第73条） 早期審査後の出願の付与／拒絶（第81条） 簡易特許（実用新案）の付与／拒絶（第90条） さらに、第131条第2項は、上記の決定に対して特許審判委員会へ不服申立てを行う場合の期限について、実体審査、早期実体審査、または再審査の決定日から9か月以内と定めています。   また、審判の結果に不服がある場合には、特許審判委員会の決定日から3か月以内に商事裁判所へ提訴することが可能です。   インドネシアの新しい特許出願規則に関してご不明点がございましたら、下記の連絡先までお気軽にお問い合わせください。15分間の無料相談をご提供しております。   📩 E-Mail : [email protected] 📞 お電話予約　 : +62 21 83793812 💬 WhatsApp : +62 812 87000 889   AFFAについて AFFA Intellectual Property Rightsは、1999年に設立されたインドネシア拠点のブティック型知的財産法律事務所です。国際的なブランドおよびイノベーターに対し、インドネシアのダイナミックな知的財産環境において、出願手続、ライセンス、権利行使、商業化に至るまで、包括的なサービスを提供しています。   当事務所はその卓越した実績により高く評価されており、Asia Business Law Journal主催の「Indonesia Law Firm Awards 2025」において「インドネシア最優秀ブティック法律事務所」および「IPエンフォースメント・ファーム」を受賞しています。また、WTR 1000（世界有数の商標専門家ランキング）においても「Recommended Firm 2024 — Indonesia」として掲載されています。   詳細については、以下のウェブサイトをご覧ください：www.affa.co.id

4 Steps to Prevent Your Industrial Design from Being Copied or Misused in Indonesia - AFFA IPR

4 Steps to Prevent Your Industrial Design from Being Copied or Misused in Indonesia

Intellectual Property, Industrial DesignLeave a comment

In business practice, product design often serves as a key differentiator in the market. However, without proper protection, such designs are highly vulnerable to imitation or even being claimed by others. Therefore, both preventive and enforcement strategies are essential to ensure your product design remains legally protected.   Maintain Confidentiality  Keep your design confidential by securely storing evidence of your Industrial Design creation and avoid publishing or commercializing it before registration.  This is critical because novelty is the primary requirement for Industrial Design protection.For a deeper understanding of novelty, refer to our previous article: “The 4 Key Factors that Determine Industrial Design Novelty in Indonesia” File Your Industrial Design Application Promptly  Submit your Industrial Design application to the Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DJKI) as soon as your design is ready—either directly or through a reliable IP Consultant.Why is this important? Because Industrial Design protection follows the first-to-file principle. Without registration, there are no exclusive rights that can be legally enforced. File an Opposition if Necessary  During the registration process, there is a publication period that allows third parties to file objections.If you identify a design that is: Identical; substantially similar; or potentially infringing your rights,  you may file an opposition as a legal measure of protection.This step is crucial to prevent others from obtaining rights over a design that does not rightfully belong to them. Use Proper Legal Agreements in Collaborations  When working with vendors, designers, manufacturers, or business partners, it is essential to have a written agreement (contract) that clearly regulates: Ownership of the design Confidentiality (Non-Disclosure Agreement / NDA) Rights of use and distribution  Without a clear agreement, the risk of future disputes—including unauthorized transfer or claims of ownership—is significantly higher.   If Your Design Has Already Been Copied or Misused You still have legal options to enforce your rights—without immediately going to court. Here are the steps you can take: Gather Evidence of Infringement  Identify and document: The infringing products Proof of sales or distribution Platforms or parties involved  This evidence will form the foundation of your legal enforcement actions. Ensure You Hold a Valid Industrial Design Certificate  The certificate serves as legal proof of ownership.Without it: Your legal position becomes weak Enforcement actions become significantly more difficult  Issue a Legal Warning (Cease and Desist Letter)  A warning can be delivered formally (in writing) or informally (verbally) as an initial step.Its purpose is to: Notify the infringer Open the possibility for resolution without escalating the dispute  Utilize Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)  If the warning is ineffective, you may proceed with: Mediation Negotiation Arbitration  These methods are generally faster, more cost-efficient, and confidential (unlike court proceedings). Ultimately, protecting your Industrial Design is not solely about registration—it requires a well-planned strategy from the initial stage through to enforcement. Should you have further questions regarding Industrial Design registration and protection in Indonesia, feel free to contact us through the following channels and receive a FREE 15-minute consultation:   📩 E-Mail : [email protected] 📞 Book a Call : +62 21 83793812 💬 WhatsApp : +62 812 87000 889   About AFFA:  Established in 1999, AFFA Intellectual Property Rights is an Indonesia-based boutique IP law firm serving international brands and innovators, offering full-service support—from prosecution and licensing to enforcement and commercialization—in Indonesia’s dynamic IP landscape. Our firm is widely recognized for its excellence, with accolades including “Best Boutique Law Firm in Indonesia” and “IP Enforcement Firm” at the Indonesia Law Firm Awards 2025 by Asia Business Law Journal, as well as being listed as a “Recommended Firm 2024 — Indonesia” by WTR 1000: The World’s Leading Trademark Professionals. For more information, please visit: www.affa.co.id.

Can You Protect Checkered Sarong Designs Under Indonesian IP Law? - AFFA IPR

Can You Protect Checkered Sarong Designs Under Indonesian IP Law?

Intellectual Property, Copyright, Industrial DesignLeave a comment

Sarong fabrics featuring checkered patterns and distinctive color combinations often serve as a unique identity of a particular region or brand. Due to their visual appeal and strong market demand, these designs are frequently commercialized. This raises an important question: can such patterns be protected as exclusive rights in Indonesia, and if so, under which type of Intellectual Property protection?   Available Forms of Protection in Indonesia   Checkered patterns and color combinations on sarongs can be protected under Indonesian Intellectual Property law, depending on how they are created and used. The two most relevant forms of protection are Copyright and Industrial Design.   Protection as Copyright   Under Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright, protection is granted to artistic works, including motifs or designs with artistic value.   A sarong pattern may qualify for Copyright protection if it: Is created as an original artistic work; Demonstrates creativity and uniqueness; and Is not merely a common or repetitive pattern widely available in the market.   Examples include: A sarong motif specifically designed by a designer; A pattern with a distinctive composition of lines and colors that reflects strong artistic character.   In this case, the protection applies to the artistic motif itself, not the sarong product.   Protection as Industrial Design   If the pattern is applied to sarongs that are mass-produced and sold commercially, serving as part of the product’s visual appearance and market appeal, then Industrial Design protection is more appropriate.   Under Law No. 31 of 2000 on Industrial Design, the aesthetic appearance of a product—such as compositions of lines and color combinations—can be protected as an Industrial Design.   In this context, the protection covers the appearance of the sarong as a commercial product.   Which Protection Is More Appropriate? Both forms of protection are available, and the choice depends on the intended strategy: Aspect Copyright Industrial Design Object Artistic Work (Motif) Product Appearance Protection Automatic (registration optional but recommended) Must be Registered Requirement Originality Novelty Term Life of the author + 70 years 10 years Business Value More Abstract More Specific & Practical   Can Both Protections Be Used?   Yes. A combined strategy is often the most effective. For example: The original motif created by a designer can be protected under Copyright; Once applied to sarongs and commercialized, the design can also be registered as an Industrial Design.   This approach ensures long-term protection of the artistic work, while also securing strong commercial protection for the product.   However, it is important to ensure that the design is actively used in business, so that the investment in registration or recordation provides real value.   Do you have a unique motif you want to protect? Contact us through the following channels and get a FREE 15-minute consultation:   📩 E-Mail : [email protected] 📞 Book a Call : +62 21 83793812 💬 WhatsApp : +62 812 87000 889   About AFFA:  Established in 1999, AFFA Intellectual Property Rights is an Indonesia-based boutique IP law firm serving international brands and innovators, offering full-service support—from prosecution and licensing to enforcement and commercialization—in Indonesia’s dynamic IP landscape. Our firm is widely recognized for its excellence, with accolades including “Best Boutique Law Firm in Indonesia” and “IP Enforcement Firm” at the Indonesia Law Firm Awards 2025 by Asia Business Law Journal, as well as being listed as a “Recommended Firm 2024 — Indonesia” by WTR 1000: The World’s Leading Trademark Professionals. For more information, please visit: www.affa.co.id.

The Ultimate Guide to Indonesia’s Latest Patent Regulation Under the Ministry of Law Regulation No. 6 Year 2026 on Patent Applications - AFFA IPR

The Ultimate Guide to Indonesia’s Latest Patent Regulation Under the Ministry of Law Regulation No. 6 Year 2026 on Patent Applications

Patent, Intellectual PropertyLeave a comment

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia has recently enacted the Ministry of Law Regulation No. 6 of 2026 concerning Patent Applications (hereinafter referred to as the “Regulation”), establishing an updated regulatory framework governing the procedural aspects of Patent filings before the Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DGIP). The new regulation represents an important development in Indonesia’s Patent administration, reflecting the government’s continuing efforts to enhance the efficiency, transparency, and legal certainty of the national intellectual property system. Furthermore, the regulation serves as the implementing regulatory framework for the latest amendment to the Patent Law under the Law No. 65 Year 2024 on the Third Amendment of the Law No. 13 Year 2016 on Patents. From a practical perspective, the regulation introduces a number of procedural refinements and clarifications that are relevant to Patent applicants and practitioners managing Patent portfolios in Indonesia. In particular, the new provisions address several aspects of the Patent application process, including filing formalities, supporting documentation, and administrative procedures before the DGIP. As Indonesia continues to attract increasing levels of technological investment and innovation-driven activity, understanding these regulatory developments will be essential for applicants seeking effective and timely Patent protection in the jurisdiction. We herewith provide you with the summary of the Regulation for your perusal:   Minimum Information and Document Requirements for Application Article 2 of the Regulation stipulates the minimum information required for the submission of a Patent application. These requirements include the following: a. the date, month, and year of the Application letter; b. the name, full address, and nationality of the Inventor; c. the name, full address, and nationality of the Applicant, in the event that the Applicant is not a legal entity; d. the name and full address of the Applicant, in the event that the Applicant is a legal entity; e. the name and full address of the Attorney, in the event that the Application is filed through an Attorney; f. the title of the Invention; g. the name of the country and the Filing Date of the first Application, in the event that the Application is filed with a Priority Right; and h. the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) number and the international Filing Date, in the event that the Application is filed based on the Patent Cooperation Treaty.   Furthermore, an application should also be complemented with the following: a. Title of invention; b. Description of the Invention; c. Claims defining the scope of protection sought; d. Abstract of the Invention; e. Drawings, where the Application includes drawings necessary for the understanding of the Invention; f. Power of Attorney, where the Application is filed through a licensed IP attorney/agent; g. Assignment of Rights to the Invention, where the Application is filed by an Applicant who is not the Inventor; h. Certificate confirming the status of a micro or small enterprise, educational institution, or government research and development institution, issued by the competent authority, where the Applicant qualifies under such category – however, this only applies to local entity; i. Certificate of deposit of a microorganism, where the Application relates to a microorganism; and j. Statement from the Applicant regarding the origin of Genetic Resources and/or Traditional Knowledge, where the Invention involves Genetic Resources and/or Traditional Knowledge.   Sub Sections and Sequence Listinga. Field of the Invention A description and explanation of the technical field to which the Invention relates. b. Background of the Invention An explanation of the technical background of the Invention, known to the Applicant, is necessary for understanding, searching, and examining the Invention. This section may also refer to prior documents forming part of the technical background and may include an explanation of the technical advantages and benefits of the Invention compared with existing technologies in the same field. c. Brief Summary of the Invention A concise explanation describing the embodiment of the Invention and how it may be implemented. d. Brief Description of the DrawingsA short explanation of matters relating to the drawings, where the Application includes drawings. e. Detailed Description of the Invention A complete explanation of at least one method of carrying out the Invention. Where appropriate, the description may refer to the accompanying drawings and must explain how the Invention can be applied in industry or used in practice, particularly where the nature of the Invention makes it difficult to describe purely in words. f. Sequence Listing Where applicable, a sequence listing provided in a format compliant with international standards and submitted in Portable Document Format (PDF).   Both English and Indonesian Translations Must Be Submitted Article 7 of the Regulation stipulates that in the event that the Patent description is written in foreign languages other than English, the applicant will still be required to provide the English AND Indonesian translations within 30 days from the date of application. There is no extension of time for this submission, and we encourage the applicants to provide the required translations within the deadline.    National Phase Entry Deadline and Extension Under Article 37 of the Regulation, a Patent application filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) designating Indonesia must be submitted to the Minister as the receiving authority for the national phase entry within a period of no later than 31 (thirty-one) months, calculated from: a. the international filing date; or b. the earliest priority date.   Where an application is submitted after the 31-month time limit, the applicant or their authorized representative may be granted an extension for filing the application, subject to the payment of the applicable fee in accordance with the prevailing regulations governing Non-Tax State Revenue (PNBP) within the Ministry of Law. The extension of time referred to above may be granted for a maximum period of 3 (three) months from the expiration of the filing deadline, calculated from the international filing date. Furthermore, an extension may be granted for a maximum period of 12 (twelve) months from the expiration of the filing deadline, calculated from the earliest priority date. If the application is filed beyond the extension periods…

Understanding Intellectual Property in a Single Hamper - AFFA IPR

Understanding Intellectual Property in a Single Hamper

Intellectual PropertyLeave a comment

As the festive season approaches, markets and shopping centers are filled with a wide variety of attractive hampers. These gift sets typically include a combination of food, beverages, and handicraft items, packaged exclusively for family members, business partners, or associates.   However, within a single hamper gift, various types of Intellectual Property (IP) are embedded in each element. Understanding this is essential, particularly for business owners who aim to enhance their business value while also legally protecting their products.   Trademark  This is likely the type of IP you are most familiar with. As an identifier for a product, a Trademark provides a unique, easily recognizable name or logo. From the name or logo, consumers can form impressions about taste, quality, and even price range, as Trademarks are closely linked to a product’s branding. If your product’s Trademark has been registered, it is protected for 10 years from the filing date and can be renewed every 10 years thereafter. Industrial Design  Beyond the name, attention is often drawn to the unique packaging that wraps these products. From ribbon designs, packaging bags, to boxes with distinctive folds, these elements can be protected as Industrial Designs. The main requirement for registration is novelty. In many cases, unique packaging design becomes a key differentiator in the market, sometimes even more influential than the product itself. Once registered, an Industrial Design is protected for 10 years and cannot be renewed. Copyright  On product packaging, we often find popular characters, photographs, or unique illustrations that are protected under Copyright. Copyright protection arises automatically once a work is created, without the need for registration. However, recordation is still recommended to strengthen proof of ownership and facilitate enforcement in case of disputes. In general, Copyright protection lasts for the creator’s lifetime plus 70 years. Trade Secret  Do your hampers include delicious, long-lasting chocolates, exceptionally tasty cookies, or other distinctive food and beverages? These products may rely on recipes known only to certain individuals and are protected as Trade Secrets. Trade Secrets do not require registration with the government, including the Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DJKI). Protection is maintained through confidentiality agreements between relevant parties. Such agreements also regulate sanctions in the event of unauthorized disclosure. Geographical Indication  If your hampers include products such as Gayo Coffee, Salak Pondoh, Kerinci Cinnamon, or Sikka Ikat Weaving, these are also forms of protected Intellectual Property. As Geographical Indications, these products represent qualities and reputations tied to their place of origin. Ownership is not granted to individuals but to institutions representing the local community, as well as regional or local governments. With Geographical Indication protection, these products gain higher market value, stronger regional branding, and broader export opportunities.   Interestingly, these various types of IP do not have to exist separately across different products. In many cases, a single product may simultaneously contain a Trademark, Industrial Design, and Trade Secret.   The key lies in how we analyze and leverage this information as a source of business inspiration moving forward.   By owning Intellectual Property, businesses gain valuable intangible assets that enhance business value, provide legal protection, enable monetization, and strengthen competitiveness in the market.   Should you have further questions regarding the registration and protection of Intellectual Property in Indonesia or internationally, feel free to contact us through the following channels and get a FREE 15-minute consultation:   📩 E-Mail : [email protected] 📞 Book a Call : +62 21 83793812 💬 WhatsApp : +62 812 87000 889   About AFFA:  Established in 1999, AFFA Intellectual Property Rights is an Indonesia-based boutique IP law firm serving international brands and innovators, offering full-service support—from prosecution and licensing to enforcement and commercialization—in Indonesia’s dynamic IP landscape. Our firm is widely recognized for its excellence, with accolades including “Best Boutique Law Firm in Indonesia” and “IP Enforcement Firm” at the Indonesia Law Firm Awards 2025 by Asia Business Law Journal, as well as being listed as a “Recommended Firm 2024 — Indonesia” by WTR 1000: The World’s Leading Trademark Professionals. For more information, please visit: www.affa.co.id.

8 Benefits of Registering Patents in Indonesia - AFFA IPR

8 Benefits of Registering Patents in Indonesia

Patent, Intellectual PropertyLeave a comment

Amid the growing pace of innovation and technology-driven competition, legal protection for inventions has become increasingly crucial. In 2024, Indonesia ranked 4th globally as a country of origin with the highest number of Simple Patent (Utility Model) filings, totaling 4,842 applications. This increase reflects a growing awareness of the importance of Patent protection. But what are the actual benefits of owning a protected Patent? This article outlines eight key benefits of registering a Patent in Indonesia, based on the applicable legal framework. Exclusive Rights of the Patent Holder A Patent grants Exclusive Rights to its holder to exploit the invention and to prohibit others from exploiting it without authorization. For Product Patents, the prohibition includes making, using, selling, importing, leasing, delivering, or supplying the patented product. For Process Patents, the exclusive rights include the use of the patented process and the exploitation of products directly resulting from that process. These rights are valid for the duration of protection as stipulated by law. Legal Certainty Under the First-to-File Principle Indonesia adopts the first-to-file principle, meaning that rights are granted to the party that first files an application meeting the legal requirements. Timely filing: Secures legal standing, Prevents competing claims, and Protects the invention before it loses novelty due to public disclosure. Patent as a Basis for Enforcement An issued Patent certificate can serve as a legal basis for enforcement in case of infringement. In practice, a Patent holder may: File a civil lawsuit with the Commercial Court to claim damages and request cessation of infringement. File a criminal complaint, as Patent infringement constitutes a complaint-based offense, meaning legal proceedings begin upon the rights holder’s complaint. In civil cases, damages may include: Actual economic losses, and Proven lost profits. Evidentiary Advantage for Process Patents In disputes involving Process Patents, the law provides a mechanism to reverse the burden of proof. Under certain conditions, the defendant must prove that the process they use differs from the patented process. This provision strengthens the legal position of Process Patent holders in proving infringement. A Commercial Asset That Can Be Licensed A Patent can be commercialized through Licensing agreements under a royalty scheme. To have legal effect against third parties, a Licensing agreement must be recorded with the Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DGIP). Thus, a Patent not only provides legal protection but also generates economic value. Encouraging Technology Implementation in Indonesia The Patent Law requires Patent holders to implement their inventions in Indonesia within a certain period after grant. Implementation may take the form of: Production, Use of the patented process, Importation for commercialization purposes, or Granting a License. This provision promotes the utilization of technology for national economic development. Protection for Products Resulting from a Patented Process For Process Patents, protection does not stop at the process itself but also extends to products directly resulting from that process. This broadens the scope of protection and prevents circumvention through non-substantial modifications. Enhancing Business Value and Credibility In practical terms, Patent ownership: Increases company valuation, Strengthens positioning in technology collaborations, and Provides certainty in investment or partnership negotiations. In an innovation-driven business ecosystem, a Patent serves as an indicator of a company’s technological strength and seriousness.   Ready to register your Patents in Indonesia? Contact us through the following channels and get a FREE 15-minute consultation.   📩 E-Mail : [email protected] 📞 Book a Call : +62 21 83793812 💬 WhatsApp : +62 812 87000 889   About AFFA:  Established in 1999, AFFA Intellectual Property Rights is an Indonesia-based boutique IP law firm serving international brands and innovators, offering full-service support—from prosecution and licensing to enforcement and commercialization—in Indonesia’s dynamic IP landscape. Our firm is widely recognized for its excellence, with accolades including “Best Boutique Law Firm in Indonesia” and “IP Enforcement Firm” at the Indonesia Law Firm Awards 2025 by Asia Business Law Journal, as well as being listed as a “Recommended Firm 2024 — Indonesia” by WTR 1000: The World’s Leading Trademark Professionals. For more information, please visit: www.affa.co.id.

When Weather Can Be Engineered in Indonesia: Is There a Role for Patents? Who Owns It? - AFFA IPR

When Weather Can Be Engineered in Indonesia: Is There a Role for Patents? Who Owns It?

Patent, Intellectual PropertyLeave a comment

Recently, Indonesia has once again been confronted with extreme weather phenomena: high-intensity rainfall within short periods, urban flooding, and drought in other regions. Climate variability is becoming increasingly evident—and increasingly costly in its impact. Amid this situation, a strategic question arises: “Are we merely spectators of changing weather patterns, or can we become technological innovators capable of managing them?” Weather Modification Technology (WMT) shows that Indonesia has never been passive. Since the trials in Bogor in 1977 and the Jatiluhur project in 1979, Indonesia has developed the capacity to intervene in cloud microphysical processes. However, behind these operational activities lies a much broader space for innovation—particularly in the field of Patents.   Correcting Misconceptions: WMT Does Not Create or Move Rain Scientifically, WMT does not create clouds out of nothing, nor does it eliminate them. The intervention targets existing clouds by introducing hygroscopic particles that function as Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN). The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has emphasized that the atmospheric energy scale is far too large to create rain instantly. Realistic intervention focuses on optimizing condensation and droplet coalescence processes. This is where the engineering dimension opens up real innovation opportunities—not myths—and where the role of Patents becomes crucial.   From Table Salt to Engineered Compositions: The Evolution of Inventions The classical approach in Indonesia involves dispersing NaCl powder of approximately 50 microns from aircraft, even using food-grade salt to minimize contamination risks. Domestic studies have shown that its use does not significantly impact water quality. However, innovation has not stopped at simply dispersing salt.   Engineering Hygroscopic Solution Compositions  Patent S00202512764, owned by the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), introduces a composition of NaCl (95–99%) and methanol (90–99%) in a 1:5 ratio, designed to produce micro hygroscopic particles (≥1 µm) through combustion in a Ground Particle Generator system without pyrotechnic mechanisms.  This means: Not merely adding material; But engineering aerosol characteristics; With a controlled particle size as CCN.  This approach reflects a paradigm shift—from “adding material” to “designing particles.” More Hygroscopic Alternatives: MgCl₂ and CaCl₂  Patent P00201602375, owned by the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), explores magnesium chloride hydrate (MgCl₂·nH₂O), which is more hygroscopic than NaCl. The claimed advantages: More effective moisture absorption; More practical than pyrotechnic flares; Less corrosive to equipment. Here we see that innovation extends beyond meteorology into logistics, safety, and operational efficiency.   Alternative Platforms: From Aircraft to Ground-Based Towers Beyond aircraft, Indonesia has developed Ground-Based Generators (GBG) for orographic rain clouds. Advantages include: Lower operational costs; Automation capability; Remote operation; Suitability for mountainous regions.   Patent P00202506598, also owned by BRIN, details an ejector nozzle system operating at ≥10 bar, designed to reach warm cloud targets up to 100 meters above the unit. The design has been validated through CFD simulations—entering the realm of precision fluid engineering. Thus, this is no longer merely field operations, but a mature engineering system design.   The Future: Engineered CCN and Nano-Particles The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), often considered the U.S. equivalent of Indonesia’s meteorological agency, explains that every cloud droplet forms around condensation nuclei—dust, salt, or other hygroscopic particles. Patent P00201300563, owned by BPPT, attempts to go further by: Producing nano-particles (0.1–0.3 µm); At high particle generation rates; Through atomization and high-temperature processing. If particle size and concentration can be controlled stably: Material efficiency increases; Operations become more consistent; Generators can be ground-based; Dependence on flares decreases. This is where disruptive innovation can continue to evolve—and be protected through Patents.   Extreme Weather as a Catalyst for Innovation and Patent Protection Ultimately, extreme weather is not merely an environmental issue. It concerns food security, energy (hydropower and reservoirs), infrastructure, and even geopolitics. Within every technological solution lies a Patent opportunity. Indonesia already possesses operational WMT capabilities, technical human resources, universities, research institutions, and real market demand. Yet protection of inventions at an early stage, commercialization strategies, and the courage to transform technology into IP assets remain limited. This phenomenon should inspire Indonesian innovators to continue innovating—because market needs exist, licensing opportunities exist, and royalty potential exists through Patents. Imagine if Indonesia could: Design next-generation, more efficient CCN; Develop IoT- and AI-based aerosol generators; Integrate CFD simulations with real-time radar data; Create next-generation, environmentally friendly seeding materials; Export GBG systems to other tropical countries. In the end, weather engineering is no longer merely a government project. It has evolved into a Patent ecosystem—a space of innovation that offers economic value and strategic advantage for inventors. With proper, strategically designed, and legally protected Patent registration, research results do not stop as technical reports. They transform into assets with bargaining power, commercial value, and ownership certainty. Everything begins with one fundamental step: the courage to turn research into inventions—and inventions into protected assets. If you are a researcher, startup founder, systems engineer, chemical industry professional, or technology investor, today’s extreme weather phenomenon is not merely an environmental challenge. It is a momentum for innovation.   Should you need assistance with Patent registration strategy and protection, contact us through the following channels and receive a FREE 15-minute consultation: 📩 E-Mail : [email protected] 📞 Book a Call : +62 21 83793812 💬 WhatsApp : +62 812 87000 889   About AFFA:  Established in 1999, AFFA Intellectual Property Rights is an Indonesia-based boutique IP law firm serving international brands and innovators, offering full-service support—from prosecution and licensing to enforcement and commercialization—in Indonesia’s dynamic IP landscape. Our firm is widely recognized for its excellence, with accolades including “Best Boutique Law Firm in Indonesia” and “IP Enforcement Firm” at the Indonesia Law Firm Awards 2025 by Asia Business Law Journal, as well as being listed as a “Recommended Firm 2024 — Indonesia” by WTR 1000: The World’s Leading Trademark Professionals. For more information, please visit: www.affa.co.id.