AFFA可以协助我们的中国客户在印度尼西亚保护他们的商标。以下是要求： · 授权书（简单签署 – 不需要公证/认证）»附加 · 商标所有人声明（简单签署 – 不需要公证/认证）»附加 · 商标样本（最好是Jpeg格式） · 如果申请提出优先权，则需要优先权文件的认证副本及其英文翻译 商品和服务 请注意，申请人应参考马德里商品和服务经理，以了解可接受的商品和服务。非标准项目将无法包含在申请表中。 证书 最近提交的申请将以电子格式发放证书。 请注意，从提交到商标证书发放可能需要大约12-14个月。阶段如下： 提交 形式审查（15天） 发布（2个月） 审查 注册号发放 商标证书发放 请联系 [email protected]; [email protected] 获取进一步协助。微信 AFFAIPR.
Indonesia has made its way to be recognised among the top 10 countries in the world with the most Trademark filings. According to WIPO’s report in 2022, Indonesia recorded 127,142 Trademark filings – the number is higher than Vietnam (113,079), Argentina (85,844), the Philippines (64,946), and South Africa (39,863). This accomplishment is also complemented with a statistic which shows Indonesia as one of the countries with the highest number of Simple Patent filing with a total number of 3,249 applications. However, this number is significantly lower than China (2,852,219), Germany (10,576), Japan (5,238), and just below Thailand by a slight margin (3,762). This achievement is made possible by the continuous digital improvement strategized and implemented by the Directorate General of Intellectual Property of the Republic of Indonesia (DGIP). The DGIP also has other notable improvements that are worth mentioning, such as the automatic Trademark renewal certificate issuance, automatic Copyright recordation certificate issuance, automatic license notification issuance, and automatic Trademark registration excerpt issuance. These improvements are hoped to be in full operation from 2023 and we certainly hope these improvements will be extended to other important features of IP filings in Indonesia. For more information about how you can protect your IP in Indonesia, please contact us at [email protected].
The Directorate General of Intellectual Property of the Republic of Indonesia under the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia (hereinafter referred to as “DGIP”) has established various procedures under which the examination of a patent application may be accelerated. Under these procedures, DGIP will advance an application out of turn for faster examination if the applicant files the following special requests through the ASPEC program, Indonesia-Japan PPH program, or simply by providing the examiner in charge the granted corresponding claims from other Patent Offices, such as the USPTO, JPO, EPO, and others. We herewith summarize the options that may suit your need, depending on where you file your patent applications in other jurisdictions: 1. ASPEC The ASEAN Patent Examination Co-operation ( hereinafter referred to as “ASPEC”) was launched on 15 June 2009 and it is the first regional patent work-sharing program which involves nine participating ASEAN Member States (AMS) IP Offices of Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam. The program aims to accelerate the patent examination process by encouraging each of the participating Patent Offices to share search and examination results to allow applicants in the participating countries to obtain corresponding patents faster and more efficiently. Since ASPEC aims to reduce duplication on the search and examination work done, it is hoped that the search and examination work done on a corresponding application can be used as a useful reference in producing high-quality examination reports. Hence, if you can obtain the examination result from other countries in the participating Patent Offices, then the examination results or reports can be used as the basis of examination acceleration, as long as the corresponding claims are the same. When requesting ASPEC, the patent applicant is required to submit an ASPEC Request Form in the second Patent Office. The ASPEC Request Form shall be accompanied by the following documents: 1. a copy of the Search and Examination (S&E) report or the Examination report (“minimum documents”) of a corresponding application from the first IP Office; and 2. a copy of the claims referred to in the minimum documents submitted, with at least one claim determined by the first IP Office to be allowable/patentable. For PCT ASPEC request, the patent applicant is required to indicate that the request is for PCT ASPEC in the ASPEC form. The completed ASPEC request form shall be submitted together with the following documents: 1. a copy of the written opinion/international preliminary examination report (“WO/ISA, WO/IPEA or IPER”) established by an ASEAN International Searching Authority/International Preliminary Examining Authority (ASEAN ISA/IPEA) (“minimum documents”) relating to a corresponding application from the first IP Office; and 2. a copy of the claims referred to in the minimum documents submitted, with at least one claim determined by the first IP Office to be allowable/patentable. Please be mindful that the request to utilize ASPEC can only be done after the application has finished the publication stage. Based on our experience, the time it takes from filing the ASPEC request until the issuance of the decision to grant will not be more than 12 months – a great improvement in lead or pendency times compared to the processing time for non-ASPEC (or PPH) patent applications in Indonesia. 2. Japan-Indonesia Patent Prosecution Highway (Indonesia-Japan PPH) The Japan Patent Office (hereinafter referred to as the “JPO”) and the DGIP have initiated a Patent Prosecution Highway Program (hereinafter referred to as the “PPH”) back on June 1, 2013, and since then, the PPH has been chosen by many applicants who have previously filed their base applications in Japan as the method of accelerating the patent applications in Indonesia. The PPH request can be filed at any time as long as it is before the deadline to request the substantive examination stage. Please also be mindful that there will be an official fee of Rp 5.000.000,00 incurred for requesting the PPH acceleration program. When it comes to the requirements, the DGIP will require the applicant to provide the following documents in order to start the accelerate examination process: All formality documents required to file the application have been submitted and the DGIP will issue the notice of formality documents completion, which should also be provided by the applicant; Proof of payment to file a substantive examination request; The application should have passed the Publication of Period of 6 months; PPH Form (filled in); Corresponding claims which should be equivalent or less compared to the claims granted by the JPO; OEE ad OLE examination results; and OEE/OLE in English and/or in Bahasa Indonesia. Based on our experience, the time it takes from filing the ASPEC request until the issuance of the decision to grant will not be more than 7 to 12 months – a great improvement in lead or pendency times compared to the processing time for non-ASPEC (or PPH) patent applications in Indonesia. 3. Providing Corresponding Registered Claims In case none of the options above apply to you, you mal also provide the examiners at the DGIP with the corresponding granted claims from other well-established Patent Offices, such as the USPTO, UKIP, EP, AUIPO, SIPO, JPO, etc. The provision of the corresponding granted claims from the aforementioned Patent Offices will make it easier for the examiners at the DGIP to expedite the examination. Please note that the documents should be provided with the equivalent English translation. For any questions related to patent application in Indonesia, please do not hesitate to contact us at [email protected].
The most awaited update from Timor Leste is finally here – the Copyright Law was passed by the Parliament with 48 votes in favor, zero against, and one abstention. However, the Law may still be amended/corrected further before it is presented to the President of Timor Leste before its promulgation. The Copyright Law consists of 224 Articles which may still be subject to further correction.
Our firm has received an award by the Asia Business Law Journal, the definitive guide to Asia’s leading law firms and lawyers, as the winning firm in the IP Protection category in Indonesia for 2 years in a row. This is a testament to our desire to keep improving and to give the best solutions to our clients around the world. The full list can be viewed at https://law.asia/top-indonesian-law-firms/. For further information when it comes to IP protection in Indonesia, please do not hesitate to contact us at [email protected]; [email protected]
I FORMS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION Intellectual property protection and enforcement in Indonesia have already existed in Indonesia since the Dutch Colonial Government era, where it enacted the Auteurswet Stb. No. 600 Year 1912 (Copyright), Ooctroi Wet No. 313 Year 1910 (Patent), and Reglement Industriele Eigendom No. 545 Year 1912 (Trademark). Even after the independence of Indonesia in 1945, these laws were still relevant and in force until 1961, where the government of the Republic of Indonesia enacted the Law No. 21 Year 1961 on Marks, Law No. 6 Year 1982 on Copyrights, and Law No. 6 Year 1989 on Patents. As time went by, Indonesia further ratified various international agreements concerning Intellectual Property Rights. Now, Indonesia is a party to the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), Madrid Protocol, Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances, Berne Convention, Paris Convention, Patent Cooperation Treaty, and WIPO Copyright Treaty. Furthermore, Indonesia is also a party to several bilateral and/or regional agreements/treaties, such as the ASEAN Patent Examination Cooperation (ASPEC) and the Japan-Indonesia Patent Prosecution Highway (PPH). Currently, the grouping of Intellectual Property Rights in Indonesia is as under: Intellectual Property Protection Grouping in Indonesia Copyrights Industrial Rights Copyrights Related rights Trademarks and Geographical Indications Industrial Designs Patents – covers conventional patents and utility models/simple patents Plant Varieties Trade Secrets Integrated Circuit Layout Designs Whereas the legal basis of the protection of the above are as under: The Law No. 29 Year 2000 on Plant Varieties The Law No. 30 Year 2000 on Trade Secrets The Law No. 31 Year 2000 on Industrial Designs The Law No. 32 Year 2000 on Integrated Circuit Layout Designs The Law No. 28 Year 2014 on Copyrights The Law No. 13 Year 2016 on Patents The Law No. 20 Year 2016 on Trademarks and Geographical Indications The Law No. 11 Year 2020 on Job Creation (the Omnibus Law) i. Simple Patents/Utility Models Simple patents/utility models are governed by the Law No. 13 Year 2016 on Patents (the Patent Law) and the Law No. 11 Year 2020 on Job Creation (the Omnibus Law). Subject to registration, simple patents allow for obtaining exclusive rights if they can fulfil the following criteria: Novelty Development of known products or processes Possess practical uses Applicable commercially¹ The development of the above cover simple products, simple processes, or simple methods. Once registered, simple patents/utility models are valid for 10 years from the filing date. ii. Patents Unlike simple patents/utility models, conventional patents are not affected by the Omnibus Law and the Patent Law is the only law which governs the protection of conventional patents. Subject to registration, simple patents allow for obtaining exclusive rights if they can fulfil the following criteria: Novelty Inventive steps Applicable commercially. Conventional patents can cover both product and process patents. Once registered, conventional patents are valid for 20 years from the filing date. It is also worth mentioning that there are inventions that cannot be filed, such as aesthetical creations, schemes, business methods, computer programs per se, presentation of information, and discoveries that are considered as new uses for known products and/or new forms of existing compounds that do not result in significant increase in efficacy and there are differences in related chemical structures that have been known from the compounds.² iii. Trademarks Trademarks (as well as Geographical Indications) are regulated under the Law No. 20 Year 2016 on Marks and Geographical Indications (the Trademark Law). The basis of registration adopts the “first to file” approach and registered Trademarks are valid for 10 years – effective from the filing date. While no prior use requirement is essential for the purpose of application and registration, it is always advised to use the registered Trademarks to avoid non-use cancellation action filed by any third parties. Furthermore, Indonesia adopts strict classification system on its e-filing platform. Any goods or services that do not exist in the system may not be filed – hence prior checking is advised. iv. Copyrights Copyrights are governed under the Law No. 28 Year 2014 on Copyrights (the Copyright Law). The Copyright protests various in the realms of art, science, and literature. The protection period starts from the first date of publication and depending on the nature of the protectable work. For instance, Softwares and other computer programs are protected for 50 years form the first publication date. Whereas songs and books are protected up to 70 years from the passing of the creator(s). II RECENT DEVELOPMENTS The Omnibus Law adjusted several provisions in both Patent and Trademark Laws in 2020. The changes focused on several aspects of patents and simple patents. The most significant change is the obligation to use or perform registered patents in Indonesia, otherwise they are prone to be invalidated or subject to compulsory licensing. This marked the end of the prior practice where it was feasible to postpone the use of registered patents by submitting written requests to the Indonesian Patent Office. The compulsory licensing can be requested if a registered patent has not been used or performed in Indonesia within 36 months. Furthermore, during COVID-19 Indonesia has pushed for the use of registered patents that deemed necessary to mitigate the virus. For instance, the President issued the Presidential Regulation No. 100 Year 2021 on Patent Use by the Government for Remdesivir. Under the regulation, the government may appoint a pharmaceutical industry to perform the patent if the nature of the use remains non-commercial. Furthermore, the patent holder will receive 1% from the nett sales of Remdesivir. Furthermore, the President also issued Presidential Regulation No. 101 Year 2021 on Patent Use by the Government for Favipiravir. The content of the regulation is identical to Presidential Regulation No. 100 Year 2021 on Patent Use by the Government for Remdesivir. These regulations show how the President finally used the provisions which would allow the emergency use of essential medications in the event of health emergency in Indonesia.
AFFA知识产权事务所，是一家印尼和东帝汶企业，由资深知识产权专业人士于1999年7月创立，后由Achmad Fatchy担任负责人，其认为事务所在实务领域的主要目标是确保提供给客户的服务质量。事务所当前负责人Emirsyah Dinar 和Fariz Syah Alam也持相同观点，使事务所的团队技术能力和丰富经验能够满足国内和国际市场的客户要求。此外，AFFA在全球几乎所有国家都建立了业务网，使其能够保护当地客户以及在印尼的外国客户的知识产权。AFFA的成员与INTA、欧洲共同体商标协会、东南亚国家联盟知识产权协会和国际许可贸易工作者协会建立了业务往来。 除了知识产权业务，AFFA也提供与普通商法相关的服务、印尼食品和药品管理局的登记业务、有限责任公司（本地或外资）的成立、域名注册、许可证颁发和审核以及特许权协议和知识产权调查业务。 为什么是AFFA? AFFA自1999年以来就向印尼、东帝汶和太平洋各岛国的广大客户提供知识产权服务。我们的信誉是建立在我们的专业能力、经验和我们在所涉及的相关司法辖区内处理复杂知识产权问题的本地化专有技术上。我们致力于向客户提供与其目标一致的解决方案和成果。 在过去的21年当中，我们一直致力于向客户提供全方位优质服务。我们持续拜访客户以解决其面临的复杂问题并提供可行的解决方案，无论客户在何处。我们也在客户的办公场所内举办培训，使其了解印尼、东帝汶和太平洋各岛国的知识产权保护方面的重要信息。 我们的团队 我们在印尼和东帝汶有60名以上的专家，我们能向您提供知识产权保护方面的服务。我们的专家有广泛的业务背景，包括法律、经济学、信息技术、生物学、生物技术、机械工程、化学工程和药学，我们的成员分布在雅加达、万隆、巴厘岛和帝力（东帝汶）。 我们的客户 我们的客户包括本地和外国政府机构、全球知名公司以及新兴公司和非赢利组织、教育机构、外国公司及律师事务所、企业和发明人。我们的客户范围从一人公司到几乎在全球每一国家都设有分支机构的公司。我们的大多数客户自我们1999年创立之后就与我们有业务关系，作为对他们长久合作的真诚感谢，我们向他们提供定制化的解决方案。 我们98%左右的客户是非印尼个人或实体，自1999年以来这个比例就一直如此。 若您有需求，请通过电子邮件：[email protected]或微信@AFFAIPR与我们联系。
Undang-undang sebelum UU No. 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis tidak hanya mengatur tentang perlindungan Merek saja, namun juga hak atas Indikasi Geografis di Indonesia. UU ini tentunya cukup berbeda dari UU sebelumnya (UU No. 15 Tahun 2001) yang tidak mengatur tindak pidana mengenai Hak Indikasi Geografis. Sedangkan UU No. 20 Tahun 2016 mengatur lengkap tentang hak Indikasi Geografis. Perlindungan tentang Merek diatur dalam Pasal 2 s/d 52, sementara Indikasi Geografis diatur dalam Pasal 53 s/d Pasal 98. Adapun Pasal 99 s/d Pasal 109 mengatur sekaligus tentang hak Merek dan hak Indikasi Geografis. Perihal tindak pidana hak Merek dan hak Indikasi Geografis diatur bersamaan dalam Pasal 100 s/d Pasal 103. Tidak terdapat keterangan tentang alasan digabungkannya pengaturan tentang hak Merek dan hak Indikasi Geografis dalam satu undang-undang. Namun tentang digantinya UU tentang Merek lama dengan yang baru ini, yakni UU Hak Merek dan Indikasi geografis (disingkat UU MIG) dijelaskan dalam hal menimbang UU tersebut adalah sebagai berikut: a. Bahwa di dalam era pedagangan global. Sejalan dengan konvensi internasional yang telah diratifikasi Indonesia, peranan Merek dan Indikasi Georafis menjadi sangat penting terutama dalam menjaga persaingan usaha yang sehat, berkeadilan, perlindungan konsumen, serta perlindungan Usaha Mikro, kecil dan menengah dan Industri dalam negeri; b. Bahwa untuk lebih meningkatkan pelayanan dan memberikan kepastian hukum bagi dunia industri, perdagangan, dan investasi dalam menghadapi perkembangan perekonomian lokal, nasional, regional dan internasional serta perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, perlu didukung oleh suatu peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis yang kuat dan memadai; c. Bahwa dalam Undang-undang No.15 Tahun 2001 tentang Merek (UU Merek terdahulu) masih terdapat kekurangan dan belum dapat menampung perekembangan kebutuhan masyarakat di bidang Merek dan Indikasi Geeografis serta belum cukup menjamin perlindungan potensi ekonomi lokal dan nasional sehingga perlu diganti; d. Bahwa berdasarkan pertimbangan-pertimbangan di atas maka adanya keperluan yang cukup mendesak untuk membentuk Undang-Undang tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis. Pasal-pasal yang mengatur tentang tindak pidana Merek dan Indikasi Geografis sejatinya dirancang untuk melindungi kepentingan dan kepastian hukum bagi pemegang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis yang terdaftar dari perbuatan-perbuatan yang merugikan secara materi maupun non-materi terhadap Merek dan Indikasi Geografis. Perlu diingat bahwa pelanggaran terhadap hak tersebut sangat berdampak dan kerap mepengaruhi kepentingan usaha pemegang Hak Merek dan Indikasi Geografis. Dilihat dari definisinya, Merek merupakan tanda yang dapat ditampilkan secara grafis berupa gambar, logo, nama, kata, huruf, angka, susunan warna, dalam bentuk 2 (dua) dimensi dan/atau 3 (tiga) dimensi, suara, hologram, atau kombinasi dari 2 (dua) atau lebih unsur tersebut untuk membedakan barang dan/atau jasa yang diproduksi oleh orang atau bdan hukum dalam kegiatan perdagangan barang dan/atau jasa. Dalam UU Merek dan Indikasi Geografis, hak atas Merek didefinisikan adalah hak ekslusif yang diberikan oleh negara kepada pemilik Merek yang terdaftar untuk jangka waktu tertentu dengan menggunakan sendiri Merek tersebut atau memberikan izin kepada pihak lain untuk menggunakannya. Sementara itu, indikasi Geografis adalah suatu tanda yang menunjukkan daerah asal suatu barang dan/atau produk yang karena faktor lingkungan geografis termasuk fakor alam, faktor manusia atau kombinasi dari kedua faktor tersebut memberikan reputasi, kualitas, dan karakteristik tertentu pada barang dan/atau produk yang dihasilkan. Sedangakn hak atas Indikasi Geografis adalah hak ekslusif yang diberikan oleh negara kepada pemegang hak Indikasi Geografis yan terdaftar, selama reputasi kualitas, dan kerakteristik yang menjadi dasar diberikannya perlindungan atas Indikasi Geografis tersebut masih ada. Dari pengertian mengenai Merek tersebut di atas, terdapat unsur-unsur Merek sebagaimana berikut ini: • Suatu tanda, yang dapat ditampilkan secara grafis, berupa gambar, gambar logo, nama, kata, huruf, angka, susunan warna, dalam bentuk 2 (dua) dimensi dan/atau 3 (tiga) dimensi, suara, hologram, atau kombinasi dari 2 (dua) atau lebih unsur tersebut; • Tanda tersebut digunakan dalam kegiatan perdagangan dan atau jasa, dan; • Tanda tersebut memiliki daya pembeda dengan tanda-tanda yang digunakan pada barang atau jasa sejenis lainnya. Berdasarkan objeknya, Merek dibedakan menjadi Merek Dagang dan Merek Jasa. Merek Dagang adalah Merek yang digunakan pada barang yang diperdagangkan oleh seseorang atau beberapa orang secara bersama-sama atau badan hukum untuk membedakan dengan barang-barang sejenis lainnya. Sedangkan Merek Jasa adalah Merek yang digunakan pada jasa yang diperdagangkan oleh seseorang atau beberapa orang secara bersama-sama atau badan hukum untuk membedakan dengan jasa-jasa sejenis lainnya. Hak Merek adalah hak ekslusif yang diberikan oleh Negara kepada pemilik Merek untuk jangka waktu tertentu dengan menggunakan sendiri Merek tersebut atau memberikan izin kepada pihak lain untuk menggunakannya. Yang dimaksud dengan hak ekslusif adalah sutau hak yang hanya diberikan pada Pemegang suatu hak in casu Merek dalam jangka waktu tertentu untuk melaksanakan sendiri secara komersil atau memberikan hak lebih lanjut untuk itu kepada pihak lainnya. Pada prakteknya, izin lisensi yang dituangkan dalam suatu perjanjian lisensi Merek memiliki dua pilihan sifat, yaitu perjanjian lisensi Merek eksklusif dan perjanjian Merek non-eksklusif. Dilihat dari fungsi ekonominya, Merek digunakan untuk membedekan barang atau jasa satu perusahaan dengan barang atau jasa perusahaan lain yang sejenis. Dengan demikian, Merek adalah tanda pengenal asal barang dan jasa, sekaligus mempunyai fungsi menghubungkan barang dan jasa yang bersangkutan dengan produsennya. Oleh sebab itu menggambarkan jaminan kepribadian (individuality) dan reputasi barang dan jasa hasil usahanya sewaktu diperdagangkan. Suatu Merek dan Indikasi Geografis mendapat perlindungan hukum, apabila Merek dan Indikasi Geografis tersebut telah didaftar oleh Mentri Hukum & Hak Asasi Manusia (terdaftar di Dirjen KI). Apabila Merek dan Indikasi Geografis telah mendapatkan nomor pendaftaran dan sertifikat, maka Merek dan Indikasi geografis tersebut mendapat perlindungan hukum, baik secara perdata maupun pidana. Tindak pidana yang dirumuskan dalam Undang-undang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis pada dasarnya adalah suatu perlindungan hukum terhadap kepentingan hukum mengenai kepemilikan dan penggunaan Merek dan Indikasi Geografis oleh pemiliknya atau pemegang Hak Merek dan Indikasi Geografis.
Our firm has received a rather flattering award by the Asia Business Law Journal, the definitive guide to Asia’s leading law firms and lawyers, as the winning firm in the IP Protection category in Indonesia. This is a testament to our desire to keep improving and to give the best solutions to our clients around the world. The list can be seen below: The full list can be viewed at https://law.asia/indonesia-law-firm-awards-2021/. For further information when it comes to IP protection in Indonesia, please do not hesitate to contact us at [email protected]; [email protected].
Non-Fungible Token atau NFT merupakan sebuah aset digital yang mewakili objek di dunia nyata seperti seni, musik, item dalam game, dan video. NFT dijumpai dalam blockchain, yang merupakan buku kas publik terditribusi yang mencatat transaksi dan menyediakan informasi tentang apa yang dijual, oleh siapa dan berapa harga yang dibayarkan. Berbeda dengan Cryptocurrencies, yang merupakan fungible tokens (token yang dapat dipertukarkan), artinya setiap cryptocurrency sama dengan yang lainnya, setiap unit NFT unik dan dapat diidentifikasi dengan jelas. NFT merupakan versi digital dari sertifikat kepemilikan atau keaslian yang secara aman tercatat dalam buku kas blockchain. Pada awalnya NFT hanyalah rekreasi digital dari karya yang ada, sekarang tidak lagi. Saat ini, NFT dibuat dari bentuk yang telah ada seperti seni digital atau bahkan meme. Perlindungan Hak Cipta ada dalam karya asli dari pencipta yang terwujud dalam media ekspresi apapun yang nyata, yang sekarang dikenal, atau kemudian dikembangkan, dimana karya tersebut bisa dirasakan, direproduksi, atau dikomunikasian, baik secara langsung atau dengan bantuan sebuah perangkat. Dengan demikian, karya asli yang diwakili oleh NFT dapat dilindungi oleh Undang-Undang Hak Cipta di sebagian besar yurisdiksi, termasuk di Indonesia. Di Indonesia sendiri Undang-Undang yang mengatur tentang perlindungan Hak Cipta adalah Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta. Kepemilikan dari NFT belum tentu berarti kepemilikan atas karya yang diwakili oleh NFT. Seperti lukisan, ketika sudah terjual, hanya ada satu pemilik dari lukisan asli, tetapi, pencipta lukisan tersebut memiliki hak kekayaan intelektual yang mengizinkan mereka untuk membuat salinan, cetakan, atau karya turunan dari lukisan tersebut. Hak cipta dipertahankan oleh pencipta asli dari lukisan tersebut. Kecuali jika ada perjanjian pengalihan hak antara pencipta dan pembeli, berkas dan dokumen hak cipta untuk NFT masih menjadi milik pencipta aslinya. “Pembeli NFT tidak memiliki apapun kecuali hash unik di blockchain dengan catatan transaksional dan hyperlink ke file karya seni”. Pencetakan dan penjualan NFT rentan terhadap penipuan hak cipta dan pelanggaran atas karya yang mendasarinya. Hal tersebut terjadi ketika seseorang mencetak NFT dari sebuah karya, dan secara keliru mengklaim dirinya memiliki hak cipta atas karya tersebut. Singkat cerita, karya yang diwakili oleh NFT dapat dilindungi oleh Undang-Undang Hak Cipta, tetapi NFT itu sendiri tidak bisa. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut tentang perlindungan Hak Cipta NFT, silakan hubungi [email protected].