ASEAN-Launches-IP-Register-to-Boost-Intellectual-Property-Protection-affa-global

ASEAN Launches “IP Register” to Boost Intellectual Property Protection

Intellectual Property

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) launched the ASEAN Intellectual Property (IP) Register on August 20, 2023, in Semarang, Indonesia. The IP Register is a one-stop technology developed by the ASEAN Intellectual Property Office to facilitate the exchange of data on Patents, Trademarks, Industrial Designs, and others that have already been registered.   The launch of the IP Register is part of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed by ASEAN and WIPO in 2022. The MoU aims to expand cooperation between ASEAN and WIPO in specific areas through a future-focused and impact-driven approach. It also seeks to complement the ongoing partnership under the ASEAN Intellectual Property Rights Action Plan (AIPRAP) 2025.   The specific areas referred to in the MoU aim to meet the new and emerging needs of underrepresented stakeholders from the business and creative communities, such as small and medium enterprises (SMEs), startups, creators, and other IP-related parties.   The IP Register is expected to boost intellectual property protection in ASEAN by providing a single portal for stakeholders to conduct seamless Patent, Trademark, and Industrial Design searches. It will also help to facilitate the registration of IP Rights in ASEAN, which can help businesses and creators to protect their innovations and creations.   The launch of the IP Register is a significant milestone in ASEAN’s efforts to build a more conducive environment for innovation and creativity. It is also a testament to the strong partnership between ASEAN and WIPO in promoting Intellectual Property protection in the region.   Here are some of the benefits of the IP Register: Provides a single portal for stakeholders to conduct seamless Patent, Trademark, and Industrial Design searches. Helps to facilitate the registration of IP Rights in ASEAN. Help businesses and creators to protect their innovations and creations. Boost Intellectual Property Protection in ASEAN. Create a more conducive environment for innovation and creativity in the region.   The IP Register is a valuable tool for businesses, creators, and other stakeholders in ASEAN. It is expected to play a significant role in boosting Intellectual Property protection in the region and promoting innovation and creativity.   Should you require further information and assistance regarding IP Protection in Indonesia or abroad, please contact us at [email protected]. Sources: ASEAN.org Directorate General Intellectual Property

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Similar But Not The Same – The Difference Between Franchising and Licensing in Indonesia

Intellectual Property3 Comments

Franchising and Licensing are two popular business models that allow businesses to expand their reach and grow their profits without investing heavily in new infrastructure or resources. However, there are some critical differences between the two models, both in terms of how they work and how they are regulated by Indonesian law.   In a Franchise arrangement, the Franchisor grants the Franchisee the right to use its Brand, Trademarks, Intellectual Property, and Business Model in return for a fee. The Franchisee is then responsible for operating the business by the Franchisor’s standards. In a Licensing arrangement, the Licensor grants the Licensee the right to use its Intellectual Property (e.g., Trademarks, Patents, Industrial Designs, and Copyrights) in exchange for a fee and for a certain period. The Licensee is then responsible for developing and marketing its own business using the licensed Intellectual Property.   The Indonesian government regulates franchises through the Government Regulation No. 42 of 2007. This regulation sets out the requirements for Franchisors and Franchisees, including registering the franchise with the Ministry of Trade. The law also establishes restrictions on franchise arrangements, such as the requirement for franchisors to provide franchisees with specific information about the franchise business.   The legal basis governing franchising and licensing also differs. Franchise activities are regulated through Government Regulation No. 42 of 2007, strengthened by the Minister of Trade Regulation No. 71 of 2019. This regulation regulates the requirements for Franchisors and Franchisees, including regulations governing the registration of franchises with the Ministry of Trade, as well as specific information about the franchise business that must be provided from the Franchisor to the Franchisee.   In addition to the two legal bases above, other legal grounds related to franchising arrangements are Law No. 5 of 1999, concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition; Law No. 40 of 2007, concerning Limited Liability Companies and Franchise Agreements that bind the party.   Meanwhile, licenses more closely related to Intellectual Property are governed by Government Regulation No. 36 of 2018 concerning the Recordation of Intellectual Property License Agreements, which are derivatives of Article 41 paragraph (1) of Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademark and Geographical Indications.    Now let’s dive into the terms of Franchising and Licensing:   FRANCHISE REQUIREMENTS By law, to conduct a franchise business in Indonesia the Franchisor will need to obtain the Franchisor’s STPW (permit registration) and Commitment Registration to the Ministry of Trade by registering the Franchise proposal documents and agreement draft. The Franchisee will need to do the same thing to obtain Franchisee’s STPW permit and Commitment Registration.   Required documents for Registration of Prospectus (Franchisor’s permits) of the Offered Franchise (to be filed by the Franchisor, notarized, and attested by the Indonesian Embassy) are as follows: Power of Attorney  Application Letter (STPW) Details of Franchisor Identity Copy of the ID card of the Directors/Owners of the Franchisor Copy of Business License of the Franchisor History of Business of the Franchisor Organisation Structure of the Franchisor (from Board of Commissionaires, Shareholders, Directors, up to its operational level) Audited Financial Statements for the last 2 years Number of outlets owned by the Franchisor List of current Franchisee Rights and Obligations of the Franchisor and Franchisee List of Composition and numbers of franchised goods used by the Franchisee List of Composition of required manpower Trademark registration certificates in Indonesia or filing receipt of the Trademark application in Indonesia. Copy of Franchise Agreement.   After the prospectus (Franchisor’s permits) has been registered in the Ministry, the franchisor can begin the franchisee’s agreement. The franchisee must also register the signed agreement.   Required Documents for Registration of Franchise Agreement (to be filed by the Franchisee): Power of Attorney (by the Franchisee) Application letter made by  Franchisee on the Franchisee’s company letterhead. Copy of the Prospectus of the offered Franchise; Copy of Article of Association of Franchisee’s company Copy of the Business Licenses of the Franchisee; Copy of the ID card of the Directors/owners of the Franchisee Copy of the Franchise Agreement and its Indonesian translation; Copy of Certificate of trademark registration. Composition and numbers of the employees (foreign and local staff) Composition and numbers of franchised goods used by the Franchisee   The documents above must be translated into the Indonesian language.   LICENSE AGREEMENT RECORDATION REQUIREMENTS Required documents for recordal of Trademark license agreement: Executed License Agreement duly notarized by Notary Public in the relevant country Copy of the trademark registration certificate Power of Attorney (simply signed) Identity of the signors Deed of Incorporation of the parties (if any)   The followings have to be included in the license agreement: Place & Date of the letter signing Details of the parties including the address Object of trademark license (trademark registration no.) Terms of use (exclusive, non-exclusive, sub-licensable, or not) Duration Territory   For more information about IP License Agreement in Indonesia, you can read our previous articles here: Indonesia’s IP Odyssey: Unraveling the Ins and Outs of IP License Agreement Recordal   From the description above, if you already have a business with a proven and duplicable business model for at least two years, you can try running a franchise business as a Franchisor. On the other hand, if you want to start running a company from a proven business, you can become a Franchisee.   However, you can run a Licensing business if you are an IP owner who can provide freedom in IP management, including marketing strategies, as a Licensor. On the other hand, for those of you who have a lot of creative ideas to run a business from an IP you don’t own, you can apply for a license from the IP owner, and act as a Licensee. Should you require further information and assistance regarding Franchise & IP Licensing in Indonesia, please contact us at [email protected].   Source: Government Regulation No. 42 of 2007 concerning Franchising Minister of Trade Regulation No. 71 of 2019 concerning The Implementation of Franchise Law No. 20 of…

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Brushstrokes & Trademarks Indonesia’s Copyright Quirk

Intellectual Property, Trademark

Article 65 of the Indonesian Copyright Law crafts a vibrant patchwork in the legal tapestry of intellectual property rights. It explicitly prohibits the registration of a work of art, specifically a painting, as a copyright when it is used as a logo or distinguishing mark for a trade of goods or services or represents a symbol for an organization, business entity, or legal entity. This law paints a clear boundary line in the diverse field of intellectual property rights, where copyrights and trademarks often play tug-of-war.   However, an intriguing paradox has emerged in practice. Many parties try to draw double protection by registering the exact artistic representation as both a Trademark and Copyright – in other words, trying to overdo it by “double kill.” This practice takes advantage of a perceived grey area between the two distinct protections, aiming to arm the creator with an extra layer of legal armor. By doing so, they attempt to circumvent the spirit of Article 65, setting up a fascinating legal conundrum and an escalating tug-of-war between the copyright and trademark protection regimes in Indonesia.   In the past, there have been some warnings by the Indonesian Copyright Office to unilaterally withdraw the recorded copyrights if they are found to have breached Article 65 of the Copyright Law. A solution to this discrepancy lies in tightening the enforcement by the Indonesian IP Office, ensuring that the lines dividing trademarks and copyrights remain as sharp and clear as the brushstrokes of a master artist. Thus, Article 65 of the Indonesian Copyright Law continues to challenge the art and business words, forcing them to think outside the frame without doubling down on the protection for the same object illegally.   Should you have any questions about Copyright Recordation in Indonesia or abroad, please get in touch with us via [email protected].

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Indonesia’s IP Odyssey: Tackling Counterfeiters on Indonesian E-Commerce Sites

Intellectual Property, Trademark2 Comments

According to the Priority Watch List (PWL) 2023 report, the United States Trade Representative (USTR) still places Indonesia, Argentina, Chile, India, Russia, China, and Venezuela on an investment blocklist because it is prone to piracy practices. In particular, the Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy 2022 report, also released by USTR, listed various Indonesian sites on the watch list.   Even though in October 2021, Indonesia’s five largest e-commerce companies, namely Tokopedia, Shopee, Lazada, Bukalapak, and Blibli, signed a law enforcement cooperation agreement in the field of Intellectual Property (IP) together with the Directorate General Intellectual Property, Criminal Investigation Agency, and the Directorate General of Customs and Excise. Their target then was clear: Indonesia was released from PWL 2022.   In fact, since 2018, Indonesia is still on this list. Specifically, USTR stated that U.S. rights holders continue to face challenges in Indonesia concerning adequate and effective IP protection and enforcement. There continues to be widespread piracy and counterfeiting, and concerns regarding IP enforcement remain, including lack of enforcement against counterfeit goods, and the lack of deterrent-level penalties for IP infringement in physical markets and online.   Furthermore, USTR provides lays out the current challenges faced by and improvements made by Indonesian e-commerce that are on the watch list.   Challenges In general, right holders note a high volume of counterfeit products, with some openly labeled “replicas” of branded products. Several e-commerce sites have established notice and takedown processes and have made several improvements to their anti-counterfeiting systems, but right holders continue to push for the sites to invest more significant resources into developing proactive anti-counterfeiting protocols, as well as into increasing the speed of takedowns and transparency of takedown procedures.  Right holders have also expressed frustration with several e-commerce sites’ “repeat infringer” policy, which states that sellers with more than three infringement reports submitted by the same brand are “eligible” to be taken down, instead of “will be” taken down. Right holders state that both the site’s “repeat infringer” policy and “major infringer” policy require brands to expend significant effort and resources to report infringement, and they urge the sites to instead use proactive measures like keyword filtering to allow for automated removal of counterfeit listings.   Progresses Made by E-Commerce Sites in Indonesia Despite the challenges, the aforementioned sites have ramped up their efforts in battling against the counterfeits. In 2022, Shopee launched a pilot program for its new brand protection portal and, with a newly hired global brand protection director, increased its engagement with right holders. Whereas Tokopedia launched its new  Intellectual Property portal to increase the ease and efficiency of submitting notices of infringement and tracking the progress of the resolution of the notices.  Additionally, right holders have noted that Tokopedia has invested resources in a seller education campaign and has implemented some new technologies to increase proactive monitoring of product postings, that could detect and remove counterfeit listings before they are shown to users. Tokopedia also introduced the “penalty points” system and repeat offender system to counter the evergrowing counterfeit demands and markets.     Reporting counterfeit goods helps to protect consumers and businesses from being harmed by these illegal products. It also helps to ensure that the e-commerce platforms are fair and safe for everyone to use. But as seen from the screenshot above, for us to report counterfeit products, there is already a limit that only the owner or their authorized representatives can report. In other words, complaints for listing takedown or removal of goods from e-commerce, from ordinary users who have nothing to do with the owner of the Trademark or Copyright cannot be continued. On the other hand, this policy prevents false reporting from disturbing users.   Then if you are indeed the right holders or official representative, what documents are needed for reporting and requesting the removal of goods from e-commerce?   Documents Required for Trademark Infringement Report Proof of Trademark ownership in the form of a Trademark; Certificate that has been registered and issued by the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia, or similar documents; Recommended Retail Price (RRP) from Trademark Owner; This document is one of the economic evidence tools that can help e-commerce determine whether the listing to be taken down violates the Trademark. If the price of the goods sold in the listing is far below the RRP, then there is an indication that the product is counterfeit or that the seller is practicing price dumping. Proof of your legal identity; and Power of attorney from the Trademark holder/owner in accordance with the document proof of Trademark ownership that you have attached (if you are not the owner of the Trademark but are the beneficiary of the power of attorney from the Trademark owner to make a report). Documents Required for Copyright Infringement Report Proof of Copyright ownership in the form of a Copyright Recordation that has been registered and issued by the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia, or similar documents; Proof of your legal identity; and Power of attorney from the Copyright holder/owner in accordance with the document proof of Copyright ownership that you have attached (if you are not the owner of the Copyright but are the beneficiary of the power of attorney from the Copyright owner to make a report).   According to our experience, the average takedown listing request that we submit is accommodated by e-commerce within 2-3 weeks.   If you need further assistance in the process of reporting counterfeit products or listing takedown in e-commerce sites in Indonesia, don’t hesitate to contact us via [email protected]. Sources: 2022 Review of Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy Priority Watch List 2023 Tokopedia IP Report Directorate General Intellectual Property

How-to-Upcycle-Without-Violating-Trademark-Law

How to Upcycle Without Violating Trademark Law

Intellectual Property

Upcycling is the process of transforming waste materials into new products of higher quality or value. This trend has been growing in popularity in recent years, and it is now estimated that resale could account for 20% of a luxury company’s revenue by 2030.   According to Vogue magazine, upcycling was the biggest fashion trend of spring/summer 2021. As of June 2023, the hashtag #upcycle has over 6.2 million posts on Instagram alone.   For brand and trademark owners, upcycling can raise legal concerns. For example, if a company uses a trademarked brand name on an upcycled product without the permission of the trademark owner, this could be considered Trademark Infringement.     However, there are some exceptions to this rule. For example, in the United States, trademark owners cannot prevent the use of their trademarks on upcycled products if the use is “noncommercial and non-confusing.” This means that the use of the trademark cannot be used to sell the product or to imply that the product is endorsed by the trademark owner.   In addition, trademark owners may be able to prevent the use of their trademarks on upcycled products if the use is likely to dilute the trademark. Dilution occurs when the use of a trademark weakens the distinctiveness or reputation of the trademark.   Overall, the legal implications of upcycling for brand and trademark owners are complex. However, by understanding the law, trademark owners can protect their brands and trademarks while still supporting the upcycling movement.   Should you have any questions about Trademark Infringement in Indonesia, please contact us at [email protected]. Source ipwatchdog.com

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TOEI Strategy: Using IP to Increase Global Sales

Intellectual Property1 Comment

The IP (Intellectual Property) business in the entertainment industry is up-and-coming. We can see how the Walt Disney Company became a giant by producing its own animated series and feature films and continuing to buy well-known IPs such as Marvel Heroes, Star Wars, and many more. The valuation of the company founded by Walter Elias Disney 100 years ago has reached USD 171.49 billion and is ranked 63rd company with the largest market capitalization in the world.   Meanwhile, from Japan, Toei Company, Co. Ltd., or simply Toei, is known as a producer of popular films and animations such as Dragon Ball, Saint Seiya, One Piece, Digimon, Sailor Moon, Super Sentai, and Kamen Rider. Classic series such as Gaban (Uchu Keiji Gavan), Voltus (Chodenji Machine Voltes V), and Goggle Five, which were popular in the 80s, were also produced by Toei.   However, unlike Disney, like most other Japanese companies, especially in the entertainment industry, they prioritize the local market and only make the global market a secondary target. According to Nora Mediana, Managing Director of Moxienotion, who has several times been entrusted with distributing Japanese-produced films to Indonesia, this policy applies the principle of embracing enthusiasts and succeeding in the local market before advancing in the global market.   “You have to speak to your local audience, and be relevant to them first before reaching out to a wider audience,” she explained.   This strategy of strengthening IP foundations in the country has to deal with a population growth crisis that is difficult to overcome. The continued reduction in the number of children and adolescents, the main target of this IP business, has reduced the income in the local market.   Even though Toei has produced more than 4,400 feature films and 38,000 TV series, income from licenses for using trademarks and copyrights of their works will decrease unless they make the global market their primary target. Efforts to get out of this crisis were marked by the launch of a long-term vision called “Toei New Wave 2033”, which targets to increase global sales by 170%, or from the composition of the local to the global market, which was 70:30 to 50:50 in 2033.   So what strategy is done by Toei? The first, as has been and is commonly done by IP practitioners in the entertainment industry, is to extend the life of the IP itself, namely by recycling an IP so that it can continue to be known and loved from generation to generation.   One of the IPs that Toei relies on to carry out this mission is Kamen Rider, known in Indonesia as Ksatria Baja Hitam. In Japan, Kamen Rider, which first aired in 1971, has become a popular series that continues to be updated yearly. There are always new Kamen Riders with new transformation tools (called Henshin Belt), new bikes, new enemies, and other new uniqueness that are sold. Not only in the form of a TV series that airs in many countries but also in the form of a wide-screen film adaptation, besides the various toys and merchandise that fans are always hunting for.   The growing development of digital platforms also opens vast opportunities for this series to have more touch points to a broader market. If previously it was only available on TV screens, now it can be watched on cross-country streaming channels. Whether it was published via Toei’s official YouTube channel or the license was taken by a paid streaming platform that can be accessed worldwide. Of course, guarding the legality of granting cross-country licenses is a challenge. Because the protection of Intellectual Property is territorial, a limited license agreement must be paid close attention to so that it does not leak or fall into the hands of pirates.   Two Kamen Rider movies have screening dates in Indonesian cinemas in the last two months. The first is “Kamen Rider Geats × Revice: Movie Battle Royale”, screened on 31 May 2023, then “Shin Kamen Rider”, which will be screened in the last week of June 2023. These two films have regional licenses held by Neofilms Southeast Asia, and Moxienotion, aka PT Mitra Media Layar Lebar, hold the right in Indonesia.   IP Kamen Rider fans also enthusiastically welcomed the screening of these two films, especially since the screening of Shin Kamen Rider in Indonesia will be one of the earlier than neighboring countries. Shin Kamen Rider itself is a 121-minute remake of the first Kamen Rider series (1971) and was directed by Hideaki Anno, the director, and animator who gave birth to the IP Neon Genesis Evangelion, which became a phenomenon in the mid-90s.   Hopefully, this fan support will be converted into satisfactory ticket sales so that a mutually beneficial relationship between producers, distributors and fans can be maintained for other films in the future. Distributors are happy, fans are satisfied, and producers can meet their global sales targets.   In addition to intensifying the sale of its works globally, Toei is also opening itself up to foreign production houses to adapt its IP to suit the tastes of its audience. The latest project currently airing is “Voltes V: Legacy”, an entirely CGI robot series produced by GMA Entertainment for audiences in the Philippines. Voltes V was originally a robot animation series produced by Toei in 1977-1978, which was very popular in the Philippines because the story inspired the people to overthrow the Marcos regime in 1986. Because the popularity of this series is still immense, the fans who used to be children are now established, and current skills are also trying to bring back the Voltes robot with more sophisticated visual technology.   Toei’s support for the production house from the Philippines is a strategy to increase the value of IP through a cycle: “Creation – Export – Reboot – Reimportation.” From the same IP, the value can continue to grow because the license is purchased by outsiders, becoming new works that can be resold to the…

亚太区商标法一览：印度尼西亚

亚太区商标法一览：印度尼西亚

Intellectual Property

2016年第20号《商标和地理标志法》（又称《商标法》）是印度尼西亚的主要商标法。此外，印度尼西亚还就具体事项颁布了多项细则，包括： 2019年第28号《关于适用于法律和人权部的非税国家收入的类型和收费标准的政府条例》，规定了印度尼西亚法律和人权部下属知识产权总局（DGIP）各种备案事项的官方收费标准； 2018年第22号《关于根据商标国际注册马德里协定相关议定书办理商标国际注册的政府条例》，规定了在印度尼西亚办理国际注册或者来自印度尼西亚的商标办理国际注册的各方面事项；； 2019年第90号《关于商标上诉委员会的上诉申请、审查与和解程序的政府条例（该委员会于1995年8月29日成立）； 法律和人权部2016年第67号《知识产权总局局长商标注册令条例》，规定了注册要求、商品和服务类别以及已颁发证书和记录的更正等事宜。   商标范围 根据《商标法》第一条的规定，商标是指能够以图形、标志、名称、文字、字母、数字、颜色组合、二维和（或）三维形状、声音、全息图或上述两种要素以上的组合等图形形式表现出来、用以区分个人或法人在商品和（或）服务交易中生产的商品和（或）服务的任何标志。 根据这一定义，法律承认两种类型的商标：传统商标和非传统商标。   申请注册 印度尼西亚《商标法》采用先申请先注册原则，一般来说，任何个人、组织或公司都可以申请商标注册。然而，法律也对恶意注册商标的行为作出了规定。《商标法》第21条规定，申请人恶意提出申请的，应当予以驳回。 在实质审查过程中，如出现与知名商标相似的商标申请，适用本条规定，但在实践中，认定是否属于恶意申请难度很大。 根据《商标法》第77条，恶意商标申请获注册的，可由商事法庭宣告无效，该条规定如下：“商标属恶意申请的，以及（或）违反国家意识形态、法律法规、道德、宗教、风俗和公共秩序的，可以无限期提起无效宣告诉讼。”   提交申请和准备材料 在印度尼西亚提交商标注册申请之前，一定要进行商标查询。查询报告可以确定潜在的危险和障碍，帮助申请人成功完成注册流程。 如果查询报告没有发现任何问题，表明可以继续进行申请程序，申请人要准备好提供以下材料： 申请人姓名或名称 地址 商品和服务清单 拟申请注册的商标图样，可以以文字、标识或非传统标识的形式呈现 必要信息提交完成后，还需由专利律师准备两份供客户签署的文件：委托书和商标所有权声明。 自2019年起，商标注册申请全部转到线上申请。   办理时长 假如未遭到任何异议和临时驳回，那么从提交商标注册申请到获得注册号可能只需要10到13个月。这一时间比过去快得多，过去，即使是简单的注册也耗时两到三年。   异议和无效宣告 商标申请的公告期只有两个月。在公告期内，任何利益相关方都可以提出异议，公告部门将在实质审查阶段对异议予以审查。 公告期满后，不得再提出异议，也不得提出延期申请。 异议成功的关键前提是异议人提出有效的法律原由，即商标已在印度尼西亚提交申请注册或已获注册。否则，审查员很可能以先申请先注册原则为由驳回异议。 商标一旦获注册，第三方只能向商事法庭提起商标无效或商标注销诉讼。   外国著名商标 无论是否为著名商标，只有在印度尼西亚注册的商标才可受到保护。但是，《商标法》有一个机制，可以在一定程度上保护外国著名商标免受其他当事人的恶意注册。 另一方当事人恶意申请注册与外国著名商标相同或相似的商标的，可依《商标法》第21条的规定予以驳回，具体规定如下： “如果商标实质上与其他当事人在类似商品和（或）服务上使用的知名商标相似或相同，或者，在符合一定要求的前提下，与其他当事人在不同商品和（或）服务上使用的知名商标相似或相同，则申请将被驳回。” 于是，接下来的问题便是，什么是知名商标？法律和人权部2016年第67号《知识产权总局局长商标注册令条例》第18条规定了知名商标的认定标准： 该商标作为知名商标在相关业务领域的公众了解或认可程度； 使用该商标的商品和（或）服务的销售量，以及商标所有人使用该商标所获得的收益； 带有该商标的商品和（或）服务在社会流通中所占的市场份额； 该商标的使用地域； 该商标的使用期； 该商标的推广力度，包括为推广商标所投资的金额； 该商标在全球范围的商标申请和注册次数； 商标执法的成功率，尤其是主管部门认可该商标为知名商标的成功率；以及 使用该商标的商品和（或）服务获得的声誉和品质保证赋予商标的价值。 然而，外国著名商标在印度尼西亚并不一定享有同样的知名度。这就产生了一个问题，即商标所有人在对其他人提起诉讼前是否应先在印度尼西尼建立起商标的知名度。   使用要求 由于印度尼西亚采用先申请先注册原则，因此在进行商标注册前无需具有在先使用行为。申请人无需提交使用证据。 如果申请人在其他国家在先提交了另一份申请，申请人可在自优先权日起算的6个月内要求在印度尼西亚享有优先权。 关于不使用注销的规定，依照法律规定，注册商标自注册之日起或自最后一次使用之日起连续三年未使用的，可以向商事法庭申请注销商标。然而，法律并未规定最低使用门槛，因此，不使用注销的实现难度很大。   商标许可 在印度尼西亚，注册商标可以许可给他人使用。许可协议在DGIP备案后方具有法律约束力。 一般来说，许可协议应包含以下内容：许可方和被许可方的详细资料、许可的性质（独家或非独家）、是否可以进行再许可、许可协议条款、各方权利和责任以及被许可的对象或商标。 许可协议不得包含直接或间接损害印度尼西亚经济的条款，亦不得包含阻碍印度尼西亚获得和开发技术的限制性条款。   AFFA Intellectual Property Rights 15/F Graha Pratama Building Jl. MT. Haryono Kav. 15 Jakarta – 12810, Indonesia 电话： +62 21 8379 3812 电子邮件：[email protected] www.affa.co.id

지역별-상표법-비교：인도네시아

지역별 상표법 비교: 인도네시아

Intellectual Property

인도네시아에서는 상표 및 지리적 표시에 관한 법률인 상표법이 국가의 주요 법률로 적용되고 있다. 이 법률은 상표에 관련된 다양한 문제들을 규제하고 있으며, 구체적인 규정들이 몇 가지 조례를 통해 추가로 제정되고 있다. 이러한 조례들은 다음과 같은 문제들을 다루고 있다. 2019 년 정부 규정 제 28 호: 인도네시아 법무부 산하 지식재산권국(DGIP)에 제출할 수 있는 다양한 소송에 대한 공식 수수료에 대한 규정, 인권부에 적용되는 비과세 국가 수입의 유형 및 관세에 관한 정부 규정 관장 2018년 정부 규정 제 22호: 인도네시아 내에서 출원되거나 인도네시아로부터 출원된 국제 등록의 모든 측면을 다루며 국제 상표 등록에 관한 마드리드 협정과 관련된 프로토콜에 따라 상표의 국제 등록 관장 2019년 정부 규정 제90호, 1995년 8월 29일에 설립된 상표 항소 위원회의 항소 신청, 심사 및 해결 절차 관장 2016 년 법무부 인권 규정 제 67 호: 상표 분야의 지적 재산권 사무 총장의 상표 등록령에 관한 내용. 해당 규정은 무엇보다도 등록 요건, 상품 및 서비스 등급, 발행 된 인증서 및 기록 수정 관장   상표의 범위 상표법 제1조에 따르면, 상표는 상품 및/또는 서비스 거래에서 개인 또는 법인이 생산한 상품 및/또는 서비스를 구별하기 위해 그림, 로고, 이름, 단어, 문자, 숫자, 색상 배열, 2차원 및/또는 3차원 모양, 소리, 홀로그램 또는 이러한 요소 중 둘 이상의 조합의 형태로 그래픽으로 표현할 수 있는 모든 기호이다. 이 정의를 감안할 때 법은 전통적 상표와 비전통적 상표의 두 가지 유형의 상표를 인정한다.   등록 신청 상표법은 최초 출원 원칙을 채택하고 있기 때문에 일반적으로 개인, 조직 또는 회사는 상표 등록을 신청할 수 있다. 그러나 이 법은 악의적으로 제출된 상표 등록도 규제한다. 상표법 제21조는 출원인이 악의로 출원한 경우 거절한다고 규정하고 있다. 실제 심사 중에 이 조항을 이행하는 것은 이미 확립된 저명 상표와 유사한 일부 출원에서 필요하기도 하지만, 실제로는 출원이 악의로 제출되었는지 여부를 판단하는 것은 상당히 어렵다. 등록이 확정된 악의적 출원은 상표법 제 77 조에 따라 상업 법원에서 항상 무효화 될 수 있으며, 이는 “악의가 있거나 관련 상표가 국가 이데올로기, 법률 및 규정, 도덕, 종교, 품위 및 공공 질서를 위반하는 경우 무효 소송은 무제한 제기 가능하다.”라고 규정한다.   서류 제출 인도네시아에서 상표 출원을 하고자 하는 모든 사람에게 상표 검색을 강력히 권장한다. 검색 보고서는 성공적인 등록 절차에 대한 잠재적 위험과 걸림돌을 파악하는 데 도움을 준다. 검색 보고서가 신청 절차를 진행하기 위한 모든 명확성을 제공한다고 가정할 때 신청자는 다음을 제공해야 한다. 신청자 이름 주소 상품 및 서비스 목록 출원할 상표의 표현(목판, 로고 또는 비전통적 상표의 형태일 수 있음) 필요한 정보가 제공되면 변리사는 고객이 서명할 두 가지 문서, 즉 위임장과 상표 소유권 진술서를 준비한다. 2019년부터 전자 신고는 인도네시아에서 유일하게 허용되는 제출 방법이다.   타임라인 신청서에 이의 제기 및 잠정 거부가 없다고 가정하면 제출 후 등록 번호를 얻는 데 10~13개월이 소요될 수 있다. 이 간단한 등록에도 2~3년이 걸리던 예전보다 훨씬 빠르다.   반대와 무효화 신청서는 2개월 동안만 게시된다. 공표 기간 동안 이해관계자는 이의신청을 할 수 있으며, 실제 심사 단계에서 심의를 거친다. 공개 기간이 경과하면 연장 요청을 포함하여 이의를 제기할 수 있는 다른 공식적인 수단이 없다. 이의신청이 성공적으로 진행되려면 이의신청인이 유효한 법적 지위, 즉 인도네시아에서 이전에 상표를 출원하거나 등록한 적이 있는 것이 좋다. 그렇지 않으면 심사관이 최초 제출 원칙을 인용하여 이의신청을 기각할 가능성이 높다. 상업 법원에 제출해야 하는 제3자가 시작한 무효화 및 취소는 해당 상표가 등록된 후에만 가능하다.   유명한 외국 상표 상표는 명성에 관계없이 인도네시아에 등록된 경우에만 보호될 수 있다. 그러나 상표법은 다른 당사자의 악의적인 등록으로부터 유명한 외국 상표를 어느 정도 보호하는 메커니즘을 가지고 있다. 다른 당사자가 유명 외국 상표와 동일하거나 유사한 상표를 악의적으로 출원하려고 시도하는 경우, 그러한 출원은 상표법 제 21 조에 근거하여 거부된다. “상표가 유사한 상품 및/또는 서비스에 대한 다른 당사자의 저명 상표 또는 특정 요구 사항을 준수하는 다른 상품 및/또는 서비스에 대한 다른 당사자의 저명 상표와 실질적으로 유사하거나 동일한 경우 출원이 거부된다.” 그러면 문제는 유명한 상표의 구성 요소로 옮겨 간다. 2016 년 법무부 인권부 규정 제 67 호 제 18 조는 상표 부문에서 지적재산권 사무총장의 상표 등록령에 대한 것으로 상표의 저명성 기준을 제시했다. 저명 상표와 관련된 비즈니스 분야의 상표에 대한 지식 수준 또는 대중의 인지도 상품 및/또는 서비스의 판매량 및 소유자의 상표 사용에서 파생된 혜택 지역 사회에서 상품 및/또는 서비스의 유통과 관련하여 상표에 대한 시장 점유율 상표의 사용 영역 상표의 사용 기간 판촉에 사용된 투자 가치를 포함하는 상표의 판촉 강도 전 세계 상표 출원 및 등록 건수 법 이행률, 특히 공인된 기관에서 상표를 저명 상표로 인정하는 것과 관련된 성공률 상표로 보호되는 상품 및/또는 서비스의 명성과 품질 보증으로 인한 상표의 가치 평가. 그러나 해외에서 유명한 상표가 항상 인도네시아에서 같은 수준의 명성을 갖는 것은 아니다. 이는 상표권자가 다른 당사자에 대해 조치를 취하기 전에 인도네시아에서도 명성을 쌓아야 하는지 여부에 대한 문제를 제기한다.   사용 요구 사항 인도네시아는 최초 제출 원칙을 채택하고 있기 때문에 등록 전에 사전 사용을 주장할 필요가 없다. 사용 증빙 자료는 제출할 필요가 없다. 신청자가 다른 국가에서 더 일찍 다른 신청서를 제출한 경우, 신청자는 우선일로부터 6개월 이내에 인도네시아에서 우선권을 주장할 수 있다. 미사용과 관련하여, 등록상표가 등록일 또는 마지막 사용일로부터 3년 연속으로 사용되지 않은 경우 법률에 따라 상업법원에서 상표를 취소할 수 있다. 그러나 법은 최소 사용 기준을 규정하지 않으므로 일반적으로 미사용 취소는 매우 어렵다.   라이선스 등록된 상표는 인도네시아의 다른 당사자에게 라이선스를 부여할 수 있다. 계약이 구속력 있는 법적 효력을 가지려면 DGIP에 기록되어야 한다. 일반적으로 라이선스 계약에는 라이선스 제공자와 라이선스 사용자의 세부 정보, 라이선스의 성격(독점적 또는 비독점적), 서브 라이선스 부여 여부, 라이선스 계약 조건, 당사자의 권리 및 책임, 라이선스를 부여할 대상 또는 상표가 포함되어야 한다. 라이선스 계약에는 인도네시아 경제에 직간접적으로 피해를 주는 조항이나 인도네시아의 기술 획득 및 개발 능력을 방해하는 제한이 포함되어서는 안 된다.   AFFA Intellectual Property Rights 15/F Graha Pratama Building Jl. MT. Haryono Kav. 15 Jakarta – 12810, Indonesia 전화： +62 21 8379 3812 이메일：[email protected] www.affa.co.id

アジアの商標法の比較：インドネシア

アジアの商標法の比較：インドネシア

Intellectual Property

インドネシアでは、商標および地理的表示に関するインドネシア共和国法律2016年第20号（通称商標法）が、商標に関する基本法であるが、個別事項を規制する以下を含む規則がいくつか存在する。 法務・人権省で適用される非税国家収入の種類と率に関する政府規則2019年28号（法務・人権省知的財産総局（DGIP）に提起できる各種訴訟の正式な手数料が定められている） マドリッド協定議定書に基づく商標の国際登録に関する政府規則2018年22号（インドネシアにおける、または同国から行う国際登録のあらゆる事項を扱う） 1995年8月29日に設立された商標審判委員会の審理請求、審理および解決の手続きに関する政府規則2019年90号 商標分野の知的財産総局商標登録令に関する法務・人権省規則2016年67号（登録の条件、物品とサービスの分類、登録された商標証と記録の補正について定める）   商標の範囲 商標法の第1条によると、商標とは、個人または法人によって生産された商品/サービスを取引において識別させるためのマークで、グラフィックイメージ、ロゴタイプ、名称、単語、文字、数字、色の組合せといった平面や立体、音声、ホログラム、またはそれらの要素が二つ以上組合さった形で表示されるものである。 この定義に基づき、同法は伝統的商標と非伝統的商標という2種類の商標を認めている。   登録出願 商標法は基本的に先願主義を採用しているため、いかなる個人、団体または法人も商標登録の出願を行うことができる。だが同法は、悪意をもって提出された商標出願を規制しており、商標法第21条は、出願人が悪意をもって提出した商標出願は拒絶されると規定している。 すでに定着した周知商標と類似した出願に対しては、実体審査でこの条項を適用できるが、現実的には出願に悪意があるかどうかの判断は極めて困難である。 悪意ある出願がのちに登録された場合も、商標法第77条に基づき商事裁判所がいつでも登録を取り消すことができる。同条は「悪意ある要素が感じられる商標、国家のイデオロギー、法律の規定、モラル、宗教、公序良俗に反する商標についての取消訴訟の提訴期間は無期限である」と定めている。   出願書 インドネシアで商標登録を出願する場合、商標検索を強くお勧めする。検索レポートにより、円滑な登録手続きを阻む潜在的なリスクや障害を明らかにできる。 検索レポートで出願手続きを阻む障害がないと判明した場合、出願人は次の情報を提出しなければならない。 出願人の氏名 住所 商品とサービスのリスト 出願する商標の見本（文字標章、ロゴ、非伝統的商標の形をとることができる） 必要な情報が提出されたら、特許弁護士が委任状と所有宣言書を作成し、出願人がこれに署名する。 2019年以降、インドネシアでは電子出願のみが出願方法として認められている。   期間 出願に対し異議申し立てが提起されず暫定的拒絶もされない場合、出願後10～13カ月で登録番号を取得できる。以前と比べ大幅に迅速化されており、過去には単純な登録でさえ2～3年かかっていた。   異議申し立てと取消 登録出願は2カ月間のみ公告される。この公告期間中に、あらゆる利害関係者が異議を申し立てることができ、申立ては実体審査の中で検討される。 公告期間満了後、延長の要求を含め異議申し立ての手段は他に存在しない。. 異議申立の手続きを首尾よく進めるためには、申立人が正当な法的地位を有すること、すなわち過去にインドネシア国内で商標出願または登録を行っていることが望ましい。そうでない場合、審査官が先願主義に基づき申立を却下する可能性が高い。 第三者が商標登録の取消または抹消を求める場合、商事裁判所に提訴する必要があり、対象となる商標がいったん登録されて初めて、取消または抹消を求めることができる。   外国の周知商標 有名かどうかに関わらず、インドネシアで登録された商標に限って保護を受けることができる。だが商標法は、外国の周知商標を第三者による悪意ある登録から一定程度保護する仕組みを設けている。. 第三者が、外国の周知商標と同一または類似した商標を悪意をもって登録出願しようとした場合、商標法第21条に基づき拒絶される。同条は、次のように定めている。 「同類の商品/サービスに関して、他者の所有する周知商標、または 特定の条件を満たす、同じ種類ではない商品/サービスに関して他者の所有する周知商標と実質的に類似する場合、出願は拒絶される」 次に、何が周知商標に当たるかという問題に目を向ける。商標分野の知的財産総局商標登録令に関する法務・人権省規則2016年67号の第18条は、周知商標の基準を以下のように定めている。 周知商標としての、当該の事業分野におけるその商標に対する市民の知識あるいは認識 所有者がその商標を用いることによって得る物品および/またいはサービスの売上と利益の量 社会における物品および/またはサービスの流通に関連して、その商標が占める市場シェア 商標の使用地域 商標の使用期間 宣伝に使用された投資額を含む、商標の宣伝規模 他国での商標登録および商標出願の件数 特に、権限を持つ機関によるその商標の周知商標としての認識に関する、法令遵守の達成度合 その商標により保護された物品および/またはサービスの評判および品質保証により得られる、商標に付随する価値 とはいえ、外国で有名な商標がインドネシアでも同程度に有名とは限らない。これが、商標の保有者は第三者を提訴するに先立ち、インドネシアにおける周知性を立証する必要があるかという課題を生みだしている。   使用の要件 インドネシアは先願主義を採用しているため、登録前に先使用権を主張する必要はなく、使用の証拠を提出する必要もない。 出願人が他の国で先に出願している場合、最初の出願日から起算して6カ月間はインドネシアで優先権を主張できる。 不使用に関しては、法律に基づき、登録商標が登録日または最新の使用日から起算して継続して3年間使用されていない場合、商事裁判所はその商標を抹消することができる。だが最低限の使用期間に関しては、法に定めがないため、不使用を事由とする登録抹消は基本的に非常に困難である。   ライセンス供与 インドネシアでは、登録された商標のライセンスを他者に供与することができる。ライセンス契約が法的拘束力を持つためには、知的財産総局に登録する義務がある。 ライセンス契約には基本的に、実施許諾者と実施権者の詳細、ライセンス契約の性格（独占的か非独占的か）、サブライセンスの可否、契約期間、両当事者の権利と責任、ライセンス供与の対象物または商標を記載しなければならない。 ライセンス契約は、インドネシア経済に直接または間接に損害を与える規定、またはインドネシアによる技術を習得し開発する能力を妨げる制限を含んではならない。   AFFA Intellectual Property Rights 15/F Graha Pratama Building Jl. MT. Haryono Kav. 15 Jakarta – 12810, Indonesia 電話： +62 21 8379 3812 Eメール：[email protected] www.affa.co.id

Katy-Perry-v-Katie-Perry-affa

Battle of Trademark: Katy Perry v Katie Perry Unfortunately, the singer lost in Australia.

Intellectual Property

In a trademark dispute, having a big name sometimes guarantees a win, but only sometimes. When Katy Perry, the owner of five Billboard Music Awards and a judge on American Idol with 108 million followers on Twitter, held concerts in Australia in 2014 and 2018, she sold a lot of fashion products through retail and social media using the trademark “Katy Perry,” which is owned by her company, Killer Queen, LLC. However, it turned out that there was already a similar trademark in Australia with a similar pronunciation, namely “Katie Perry” (with ie), which had been registered by a designer named Katie Taylor in the fashion category (Nice Class 25) since 2008. In 2009, Katy Perry’s lawyers actually tried to cancel Katie’s trademark and sent a “Cease and Desist Order” letter so she wouldn’t use the trademark again, but this effort was not pursued. After Katy Perry’s 2018 concert, which once again sold fashion products, Katie decided to strike back by reporting “Katy Perry” for ignoring the existence of “Katie Perry,” which has homophonous and had already been officially registered in IP Australia Finally, on Thursday, April 27, 2023, Australian Federal Court Judge Brigitte Markovic ruled that Killer Queen, LLC. had been proven to have infringed on some of Katie Taylor’s trademarks and ordered them to compensate for the damages with a certain amount that will be decided later. In response to this victory, Katie Taylor made a statement on her website, “Not only have I fought [for] myself, but I fought for small businesses in this country, many of them started by women, who can find themselves up against overseas entities who have much more financial power than we do. This victory could not have been achieved if Katie had not registered her trademark first. By registering a trademark, the owner obtains their rights, and the state provides legal protection so that the trademark’s economic rights are not violated. In Indonesia, a trademark can only be protected if an application for registration is filed first, and prior use of the trademark cannot be used as a basis for protection. This is because the ‘First to File’ approach is adopted by Law No. 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications.   If you need further information about trademark registration in Indonesia and other countries, please do not hesitate to contact us at [email protected]. Sources: Reuters.com Nine.com.au WIPO Global Brand Database