4 Common IP Mistakes That Cost Companies Millions — And How to Avoid Them - AFFA IPR

4 Common IP Mistakes That Cost Companies Millions — And How to Avoid Them

Intellectual Property

Protecting intellectual property (IP) is crucial for businesses to maintain their competitive edge and avoid significant financial losses. Missteps in IP management can lead to costly legal battles, loss of market exclusivity, and reputational damage. At AFFA Intellectual Property Rights, we have observed how certain oversights can jeopardize a company’s assets. This article highlights common IP mistakes that have cost companies millions and offers guidance on how to avoid them.   Delaying Trademark Registration, Losing Momentum Real Case: A major phone company lost its momentum to secure its Mark easily in Indonesia because its former distributor managed to file it first in Indonesia. The company had to challenge the ownership of the Mark before the Court of Commerce. How to Avoid It: File early — before launching products or entering new markets. Have an agreement with potential distributors on IP ownership Neglecting International Trademark Protection: Locked Out of Your Brand Real Case: A fast-growing electric vehicle company faced a legal dispute in East Asia when a local businessman had already registered the company’s brand name. The company had to settle the matter through costly negotiations to enter the market under its own name. How to Avoid It: Create a global Trademark filing strategy — especially for key growth markets. Use the Madrid Protocol or local filings, depending on your market. Rely on local IP experts who understand the nuances of national systems. Failing to Record a Trademark License: Legal and Commercial Setbacks Real Case: Some overseas companies faced delays in distributing certified products because the Trademark they were using, although legally licensed, was not officially recorded with the authorities. Without this, certification bodies could not process mandatory approvals and licenses to be able to operate in Indonesia. How to Avoid It: Record all Trademark licenses at the national IP office. Work with consultants who understand licensing formalities and draft enforceable agreements. Do not assume a signed appointment contract is enough — a specific license agreement will be required. Not Using a Patent Locally: Risk of Revocation Real Case: In several jurisdictions, companies have had their Patents challenged or revoked because the inventions were not “worked” or implemented within the country. This has opened the door to compulsory licensing by third parties. How to Avoid It: Prepare a local implementation or commercialization strategy. Consider partnerships with local entities to meet legal requirements. Monitor “working” obligations in each country where you hold Patents.   Conclusion: Proactive IP Management is Essential Many companies only realize the importance of IP when it is too late, especially when it comes to Indonesia as a growing market. Indonesia is a challenging country when it comes to IP, but with proper planning, it does not have to be so challenging!   AFFA Intellectual Property Rights has helped businesses across the globe secure and protect their Trademarks, Patents, Industrial Designs, and licenses — both in Indonesia and internationally. From strategic filings to enforcement and compliance, we offer practical solutions that prevent losses before they happen. Should you need assistance securing or defending your IP in Indonesia or globally, contact AFFA Intellectual Property Rights today at [email protected].

Why Filing First is Not Enough — The Rise of Bad Faith Trademark Applications in Indonesia

Intellectual Property, Trademark

Indonesia’s Trademark landscape has become increasingly challenging for legitimate brand owners in recent years. Filing your Trademark first is no longer a guaranteed safeguard against opportunists. A concerning trend has emerged: the surge of bad faith Trademark applications, commonly called Trademark squatting.   At AFFA Intellectual Property Rights, we have witnessed — and successfully countered — this rise firsthand.   The Growing Threat of Bad Faith Filings According to data from the Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DGIP) in Indonesia, Trademark applications have steadily increased annually. However, not all of these filings are genuine. Opportunistic parties, both local and international, are taking advantage of Indonesia’s first-to-file system by registering Trademarks identical to or confusingly similar to well-known brands without any legitimate intent to use them.   These bad actors aim to profit by either selling the Trademark rights back to the rightful brand owners or using them to confuse consumers.   Real Examples: How AFFA Wins Against Squatters At AFFA, we have led multiple successful cases challenging bad faith registrations. Two notable victories highlight how vigilant defense and a strong legal approach can protect your brand:   Guangzhou Sanwich Biology Technology Co., Ltd. In 2024, our client, the owner of the well-known hair care brand SEVICH, faced a situation in which a third party registered their Trademark in Indonesia without authorization. We filed a Trademark invalidation action, presenting strong evidence of prior use and global brand recognition. The Commercial Court at the Central Jakarta District Court ruled in favor of our client, affirming that the third-party registration was made in bad faith.  Inner Mongolia Kunming Cigarette Limited Liability Company Similarly, this client, known globally for its DONGCHONGXIACAO brand of cigarettes, encountered unauthorized parties attempting to capitalize on its brand by filing Trademark applications in Indonesia. We secured a favorable decision invalidating the bad faith Trademark registration by leveraging thorough documentation, the client’s international reputation, and a well-structured legal argument.   Why Filing First Alone is Not Enough Indonesia operates on a first-to-file system, but: Squatters may file before you, especially if you have not entered the market yet. Even after filing, vigilance is required to monitor for similar or identical marks. The law provides avenues to invalidate bad faith registrations, but only if the rightful owner is proactive.   Our Approach to Defending Brands At AFFA, we go beyond simple filings: Trademark Monitoring: We routinely monitor new filings to detect possible bad-faith applications. Evidence Gathering: In invalidation actions, we compile comprehensive evidence — proving prior use, reputation, and lack of good faith from the applicant. Swift Legal Action: We quickly file oppositions or invalidations to block squatters before they gain leverage. Strategic Negotiation: When necessary, we negotiate favorable outcomes without lengthy litigation.   Conclusion: Protect Your Brand, Act Proactively The rise of bad faith Trademark filings in Indonesia is real, and serious players must be ready to defend their brand. Filing your Trademark early is necessary, but not sufficient. Active monitoring, quick response, and expert legal support are key.   AFFA is committed to helping businesses navigate these challenges and win the fight against Trademark squatters. Should you need assistance securing or defending your Trademark in Indonesia? Contact our team at AFFA Intellectual Property Rights today at [email protected].

Extension of Time to Complete Patent Application Formality Documents - AFFA IPR

Extension of Time to Complete Patent Application Formality Documents

Patent, Intellectual Property

Indonesia’s Patent regulation has undergone significant changes following the enactment of Law No. 65 Year 2024, which amends Law No. 13 Year 2016 on Patents. One of the key amendments is the extension of time to complete the formalities in a Patent application.   Previous Regulation (Law No. 13 Year 2016) Under the previous version of Article 35: Applicants who received a notification to complete formal requirements had 3 months from the date of notification to comply. If needed, applicants could request two extensions: First extension: Up to 2 months. Second extension: Up to 1 additional month, subject to a fee.   However, the second extension (one month with a fee) was rarely utilized in practice. Many applicants who requested extensions still failed to complete the requirements, resulting in their applications being considered withdrawn.   Current Regulation (Law No. 65 Year 2024) The amended Article 35 introduces more stringent provisions: Applicants still have 3 months to complete formal requirements after receiving notification. Only one extension of up to 2 months is now permitted. Additional extension beyond the two months is only possible under emergency circumstances and requires strong supporting evidence.   Key Takeaways: The second extension option (1 month with a fee) has been repealed. The new law limits the extension to a one-time request, making compliance more challenging but streamlining the overall process.   Practical Steps for Applicants To meet the formality requirements within the given timeframe, applicants are advised to prepare the following key documents promptly: Power of Attorney (PoA) Statement of Assignment or Deed of Assignment   Failing to submit these documents within the prescribed period, including the extension, will result in the Patent application being considered withdrawn.   Comparison Table   Aspect Before Amendment (Law No. 13/2016) After Amendment (Law No. 65/2024) Initial Period to Complete Requirements 3 months from the date of the Minister’s notification 3 months from the date of the Minister’s notification First Extension Up to 2 months Up to 2 months Second Extension Additional 1 month, subject to fee Abolished Additional Extension in Emergency Cases Not explicitly regulated Allowed only in emergencies, up to 6 months, with strong supporting evidence Total Possible Duration 3 months + 2 months + 1 month (total 6 months), with the possibility of paying the fee for the final month 3 months + 2 months (total 5 months), emergency extension possible up to 6 months, but requires justification Ease for Applicants More lenient with more extension options Stricter, only one regular extension allowed Impact on Examination Timeframe Potentially longer due to multiple extensions Shorter, as fewer extensions are permitted   The recent amendment emphasizes the importance of timely compliance. Applicants are now only allowed one extension of two months, with no further routine extensions available. While this makes the process more demanding, it significantly shortens the formality examination period, enhancing efficiency in Indonesia’s Patent system. Applicants must prepare their formal documents meticulously and avoid delays to ensure the smooth processing of their applications.   You might also want to read: Steps to Take When a Patent Application is Deemed Withdrawn in Indonesia Should you need more information regarding the extension of time to complete Patent application formality documents in Indonesia, feel free to contact us via email at [email protected].

Patent Implementation in Indonesia: What happens if you don't use your Patent? - AFFA IPR

Patent Implementation in Indonesia and Its Consequences if the Patent is Not Used According to the Latest Patent Law

Patent, Intellectual Property1 Comment

A registered Patent not only grants the Exclusive Right to its owner to prohibit others from using the invention but also imposes an additional obligation to implement the Patent. This obligation is regulated under Law Number 13 of 2016 concerning Patents, as well as Law Number 65 of 2024 concerning the Third Amendment to Law Number 13 of 2016, which has been in effect since October 28, 2024.   How is the obligation to implement a Patent regulated, and what are the legal consequences if a Patent is not used under the latest Patent Law? Here’s the summary!   Previously—and still applicable—Article 20 of the Patent Law has regulated the obligation to implement Patents in Indonesia as follows:   Product Patent: Obligated to manufacture, import, or license the product. Process Patent: Obligated to manufacture, license, or import the product resulting from the patented process. Method, System, & Use Patents: Obligated to manufacture, import, or license the product resulting from the method, system, or use.   Obligation to Implement Patents in Indonesia In this third amendment, Article 20A has been added to the Patent Law, stipulating that every Patent holder is required to submit a declaration of Patent use in Indonesia and report it to the Minister through Directorate General Intellectual Property (DGIP) at the end of each year, accompanied by proof of implementation. The implementation of the Patent may be carried out either by the Patent holder or by a third party under license from the Patent holder. The objective of this provision is to encourage technology transfer, investment, job creation, and tangible economic growth for Indonesia.   Forms of Patent implementation may include: Manufacturing goods or utilizing processes protected by the Patent in Indonesia. Transferring technology to third parties in Indonesia. Collaborating in manufacturing with local companies.   Consequences of Non-Implementation of Patents In this latest amendment, provisions regarding consequences such as compulsory licensing or Patent revocation, which were previously regulated under Articles 82 and 130 of the Patent Law, have been removed.   Instead, the annual reporting obligation as stipulated in Article 20A serves as an instrument for the government to monitor Patent utilization in Indonesia.   Although administrative sanctions for non-compliance with the reporting obligation are not explicitly regulated yet, this obligation opens the possibility for the government to issue further implementing regulations or administrative policies in the future.   Acceptable Reasons for Delayed Implementation Previously, the Patent Law allowed Patent holders to provide legitimate reasons for not yet implementing their Patent, such as:   Force majeure circumstances. Regulatory or licensing obstacles to production. Production still in preparation stages.   In the amended Patent Law, although these reasons are no longer explicitly listed, Patent holders may still include such reasons in their annual reports as part of the explanation or justification in cases where implementation has not been optimal.   You might also want to read: 5 Stages of Patent Registration Process in Indonesia Should you need further information regarding the Patent implementation in Indonesia and Its consequences if the Patent is not used, feel free to contact us at [email protected].

Complete Guide to Drafting a Patent Description in Indonesia - AFFA IPR

Complete Guide to Drafting a Patent Description in Indonesia

Patent, Intellectual Property

Drafting a well-structured and accurate Patent description is a crucial step in the Patent application process. This description serves to provide a detailed explanation of the invention to be patented, including its advantages and working principles.   Here is a comprehensive guide on the essential elements that must be included in a Patent description, along with examples!   Title of the Invention The title of the invention must be concise, clear, and reflect the essence of the innovation being submitted. This title will serve as the identity of the registered invention.Example: “Nano-Technology-Based Air Filtering Device” Technical Field of the Invention This section explains the field of technology related to the invention.Example: “This invention relates to air filtration technology, more specifically to an air filtration system using nano-based materials to enhance micro-particle filtration efficiency.” Background of the Invention This section must describe the problems present in previous technologies and how the proposed invention provides a solution.Example: “Current air filtration technology still has several drawbacks, such as limitations in filtering ultra-fine particles and high production costs. Patent Number XXXX has disclosed filtration technology using activated carbon, but this method is still ineffective in capturing particles smaller than 0.3 microns. This invention aims to overcome these issues by developing a nano-material-based filter that is more efficient.” Brief Description of the Invention This section should explain the main objectives of the invention and its key components.Example: “This invention aims to improve the effectiveness of air filtration systems by using nano-based materials with smaller pores compared to previous technology. The filter consists of (a) a nano-fiber layer, (b) a polymer-based support structure, and (c) a multi-stage filtration system characterized by an increased filtration efficiency of up to 99.9%.” Brief Description of the Drawings If the invention requires illustrations to explain its components, this section must provide a concise description of the included figures.Example: Figure 1: A perspective view of the air filtering device. Figure 2: A block diagram of the filtration system. Figure 3: A flowchart of the air filtration process.  Detailed Description of the Invention This section explains in detail how the invention works, including its technical specifications.Example: “Referring to Figure 1, the air filtering device consists of three main layers: a nano-filtering layer (101), a polymer-based support structure (102), and an air ventilation system (103). The nano-filtering layer functions to capture ultra-fine particles with high efficiency. The polymer-based support structure allows installation flexibility and increases product durability. The air ventilation system ensures optimal airflow distribution within the room.” Claims Claims are the most critical part of the Patent document as they define the boundaries of Patent protection.Example: An air filtering device comprising: A nano-fiber layer for capturing micro-particles, A polymer-based support structure, An optimized air ventilation system, characterized by an increased filtration efficiency of up to 99.9%.An air filtering device comprising:  The air filtering device according to claim 1, wherein the nano-fiber layer has pore sizes ranging between 10-50 nanometers. Abstract The abstract provides a concise overview of the invention and its function.Example: “This invention relates to a nano-technology-based air filtering device that enhances the efficiency of ultra-fine particle filtration. The device consists of a nano-fiber layer, a polymer-based support structure, and an air ventilation system designed to optimize airflow distribution. This technology enables high-efficiency air filtration with lower production costs.”   You might also want to read: 5 Stages of Patent Registration Process in Indonesia   All the information above is included in a document titled “Description.” By drafting a Patent description according to this guide, applicants can ensure that their invention is clearly documented while also facilitating the examination process. Ultimately, this leads to faster and more optimal legal protection.   You can also find examples of international Patent descriptions on patents.google.com.   Should you need more information on Patent registration and/or protection in Indonesia or abroad, you can contact us directly via email: [email protected].

Calendar Days vs Working Days: Understanding Trademark Refusal Deadlines in Indonesia - AFFA IPR

Calendar Days vs Working Days: Understanding Trademark Refusal Deadlines in Indonesia

Intellectual Property, Trademark

Under Article 1 Point 22 of the Indonesian Trademark Law, the term “days” mentioned in this law refers to working days, not calendar days. However, this information can sometimes become unclear when conveyed as brief notices to IP owners or their representatives abroad. This misunderstanding often leads to incorrect expectations about the speed of application processing or even delays in document preparation, resulting in unnecessary losses.   How to Differentiate Calendar Days from Working Days?   For example, Article 24 of the Trademark Law states, “Within a maximum period of 30 (thirty) days from the date of sending the notification letter regarding an application that cannot be registered or has been rejected, the applicant or their representative may submit a written response stating their reasons,” the 30-day period here does not mean one month. Instead, it could extend to 1.5 months.   Here’s the calculation: 30 days = 30 working days Working days = Monday – Tuesday – Wednesday – Thursday – Friday (5 days per week) Thus, 30 working days = 6 weeks (30 ÷ 5) If converted into total days, it becomes 6 × 7 = 42 days Or approximately 8 weeks = 1.5 months (42 ÷ 5).   However, the exact duration will depend on whether the period includes February or months with only 30 days. It is also necessary to consider whether the period consists of public or national holidays.   What About Trademark Application Refusals Filed Through the Madrid Protocol? Example of a Trademark Refusal Notification Sent by WIPO for an Application Filed Through the Madrid Protocol   If your Trademark is filed through the Madrid Protocol, designating Indonesia as one of the target countries, and it gets refused, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) will send a complete notification, specifying: The date on which the time limit to reply begins The time limit to reply The final deadline to respond   However, the information provided by WIPO is not entirely accurate because it calculates 30 calendar days instead of 30 working days as stipulated by the Indonesian Trademark Law. This means that the deadline stated in the sample letter—February 12, 2025—is incorrect. The actual deadline should be February 21, 2025. There is a discrepancy of nine calendar days between the date stated in WIPO’s notification and the actual deadline.   Calculating deadlines based on working days may seem beneficial as it provides a longer timeframe. However, if you are looking for a faster resolution, you must be prepared for a longer waiting period, especially if there are additional public holidays not reflected in international calendars.   EXCEPT when the regulation specifies a time limit in months. For example, the period for applicants or their representatives to file an objection against an Official Trademark Gazette Announcement. According to Article 17 of the Trademark Law, it states:   “An objection shall be submitted in writing within a maximum period of 2 (two) months from the date of sending the copy of the objection received.”   In this case, you should interpret it as two full months in calendar days. Thus, your deadline is strictly 2 × 30 days, not 2 × 45 days.   To avoid such confusion, you should contact a trusted Trademark Consultant in Indonesia. With its integrated system, you will always be informed about the latest status of your Trademark. By understanding these deadlines, you can better plan and prepare the necessary budget and documents.   You might also want to read: Indonesia in BRICS: A Golden Opportunity for Further Trademark Protection Should you need more information regarding the trademark registration and protection process in Indonesia or globally, feel free to contact us via email: [email protected].

Steps to Take When a Patent Application is Deemed Withdrawn in Indonesia - AFFA IPR

Steps to Take When a Patent Application is Deemed Withdrawn in Indonesia

Patent, Intellectual Property1 Comment

Document completeness and compliance with regulations are crucial in the Patent registration process. If there are deficiencies in the documents or if certain requirements are not met, the Patent application may be considered withdrawn by the Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DGIP) in Indonesia. So, what steps should the applicant take next?   When a Patent application is considered withdrawn, the applicant will receive a “Notification of Patent Deemed Withdrawn” from DGIP, meaning that the application will not proceed further.   However, if the applicant wishes to continue the examination process, the applicant must immediately submit a “Request for Further Examination.” This request must be filed within a maximum of six (6) months from the issuance date of the Notification of Considered Withdrawal.    Additionally, the applicant must pay an additional fee of 50% of the application fee to submit the Request for Further Examination. After submission, the applicant will need to wait for a response from DGIP’s Formality Section, which will review the application and decide whether the Patent examination process can proceed.   Therefore, if you face challenges in completing the required documents or drafting a proper Patent application, it is highly recommended to consult with a trusted Patent Consultant to navigate this issue effectively. Otherwise, the applicant risks losing Patent rights and suffering financial losses, as the initial registration fees that have been paid will not be refunded (forfeited).   You might also want to read: 5 Stages of Patent Registration Process in Indonesia Should you need more information about Patent applications in Indonesia or globally, feel free to contact us at [email protected].

5 Stages of Patent Registration Process in Indonesia - AFFA IPR

5 Stages of Patent Registration Process in Indonesia

Patent, Intellectual Property3 Comments

Five stages must be completed to register a Patent in Indonesia. These stages apply to both Patents and Utility Models, but there are significant differences in processing time. A Utility Model can be completed in less than a year, whereas a Patent typically takes more than two years.   What are the differences, and what documents need to be prepared? This article provides a detailed breakdown.   Difference Between a Patent and a Utility Model Before proceeding, it is important to distinguish between Patents and Utility Models: Patent: A new invention that involves an inventive step and is industrially applicable. Utility Model: A new invention that develops an existing product or process and is industrially applicable.   The key distinguishing factor between the two is the “inventive step.” This refers to an unexpected or non-obvious aspect of the invention, even for a person skilled in the relevant technical field.   Required Documents for Patent or Utility Model Registration   Once you determine whether your invention falls under a Patent or a Utility Model, you need to prepare the following documents:   Patent Description Document (Description, Claims, Abstract, and Drawings) in PDF format, following the applicable regulations. Deed of Assignment from the Inventor to the Applicant, which includes: Name and Address of the Applicant Name and Address of the Inventor Title of the Invention Signatures of all Inventors Duty Stamped Statement of Invention Ownership by the Inventor, signed by all inventors and stamped, except for Patent Applications filed through the PCT. Institution Establishment Document (if applicable). Payment of Application Fees.   5 Stages of the Patent Registration Process Stage Patent Utility Model 1 Application (Formal Examination) 0-6 months 0-28 days 2 Waiting Period* 6-18 months 14 days 3 Publication 6 months 14 days 4 Substantive Examination Max. 30 months Max. 6 months 5 Certificate Issuance 2-3 months 1-2 months   *) The Waiting Period is the time allotted for making changes or corrections to the application before it is published to the public. For example, if there are errors such as the following, your application may fail the Formal Examination: Inconsistent title between the Invention Title, Description Title, Abstract Title, and the title stated in the Deed of Assignment and Ownership Statement. Incorrect description format that does not comply with the required standards. All inventors have not signed and stamped the Ownership Statement and/or Deed of Assignment. Failure or delay in paying the Substantive Examination fee.   Failure to address these deficiencies will result in the Patent application being considered withdrawn. However, if you require faster publication for any reason, you may request an accelerated publication, which is subject to an additional fee.   The Patent Description is also a crucial factor in ensuring the completeness of a Patent application. We will discuss the proper format and preparation in our next article.   You might also want to read: Indonesia’s Patent Law Amendment: Excluded Inventions and Change in Novelty Grace Period Should you need more information about Patent protection in Indonesia or globally, feel free to contact us at [email protected].

5 Steps to Avoid Copyright Issues for Your Product Illustrations - AFFA IPR

5 Steps to Avoid Copyright Issues for Your Product Illustrations

Intellectual Property, Copyright

Being inspired by, imitating, modifying, or even duplicating someone else’s work without permission—whether it’s well-known or not—can lead to serious legal consequences, including up to 4 years in prison or a fine of 1 billion Rupiah!   This is because Copyright Law grants Exclusive Rights only to the Original Creator, ensuring that they alone can claim economic benefits from their work.   In other words, if you profit from someone else’s creation without permission, the rightful owner can file an objection, send a legal notice (cease-and-desist), or take further legal action against you.   However, exceptions exist if your use of the work is non-commercial, educational, for criticism, or news reporting, provided it is done fairly and does not harm the creator.   But what if you genuinely didn’t know that a design submitted by your designer or illustrator infringed on someone else’s work?   Here are 5 essential steps you can take to review and evaluate whether a work violates copyright or not.   Does the Work Resemble a Popular Character?  A popular character isn’t just limited to animated movie figures or superheroes like Batman, Superman, or Ultraman. Even public figures or athletes with recognizable faces and signature poses cannot be used without permission.  To avoid issues, ask your designer about the initial sketches and the creative process behind the work. Use Reverse Image Search  Utilize tools like Google Reverse Image Search, TinEye, or Yandex Image Search to check if similar images already exist online.  If you find the design in stock image websites, art platforms, or other media, ensure that your illustrator didn’t just copy or slightly edit the image without significant modification. Avoid Copying the Style of Famous Illustrators  Some illustrators have highly distinctive and well-known styles, such as Loish, Kim Jung Gi, Greg Rutkowski, Hajime Sorayama, and others whose works frequently appear on book covers, games, or movies.  If the submitted artwork strongly resembles their style without permission, it could be considered Copyright Infringement or a Trade Dress violation (protection against copying distinctive design elements). Ensure All Design Elements Have Proper Licenses  Certain fonts or typefaces require a paid license. If your designer uses a premium font without a valid license, you could face legal action.Similarly, elements like brushes, textures, or patterns may also have specific usage rights. Always verify that all components in the design are legally licensed. Create a Written Agreement with Your Illustrator  Draft a contract stating that the work is 100% original and not derived or modified from another source without permission.This ensures that the illustrator is legally accountable if copyright infringement issues arise due to their work.   Remember, a work is automatically protected by copyright the moment it is published. You cannot claim that your use is valid simply because the work was never officially registered or originates from a different country with a separate market.   If you must or want to use an existing work for commercial purposes, the only legal solution is to contact the original creator and negotiate a licensing agreement.   This agreement would require you to pay royalties to the rightful owner. By obtaining proper licensing, you can legally collaborate with the original creator and promote the work openly—without fear of legal consequences.   You might also want to read: Indonesia’s Copyright Dilemma: When Good Intentions Pave the Way to (Unintended) Infringement Should you need more information regarding Copyright protection both domestically and internationally, you can contact us directly via email at [email protected].